国产av不卡一区二区_欧美xxxx做受欧美_成年人看的毛片_亚洲第一天堂在线观看_亚洲午夜精品久久久中文影院av_8x8ⅹ国产精品一区二区二区_久久精品国产sm调教网站演员_亚洲av综合色区无码一二三区_成人免费激情视频_国产九九九视频

Make me your Homepage
left corner left corner
China Daily Website

Bumpy road ahead for electric autos

Updated: 2012-04-23 08:03
By Yale Zhang (China Daily)

 Bumpy road ahead for electric autos

The government hopes to have 500,000 all-electric and plug-in vehicles on the road by 2015. However, problems like insufficient infrastructure, a technological bottleneck in battery production and prohibitive costs must be tackled to clear the way for the sector's development. Jing Wei / For China Daily

When China's State Council released the energy conservation and new-energy vehicles plan on April 18, it stated that pure-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles will be the new technological paradigm in the future by 2020.

This roadmap was challenged by many people in 2011 because it excludes hybrids that are not plug-ins from receiving major subsidies. The final plan still contains this exclusion, and the target for the number of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles in operation by 2015 remains at 500,000 units.

This high target excludes conventional hybrids, which makes it hard to achieve in three years.

By now, it looks like that many industry insiders are not as optimistic as the planners. Because obstacles to the development of electric vehicles still remain - the battery bottleneck, the prohibitively high price of this technology and the lack of charging infrastructure - there is reasonable doubt about how to achieve this goal.

Bumpy road ahead for electric autos

China's new energy vehicle development formally started in 2009, when China started the "Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicles" demo project. Under this program, each city selected should employ 1,000 new energy vehicles in municipal fleets.

In 2009, the central government selected 10 cities for the demonstration. And in late 2010, the list was expanded to cover a total of 25 cities. The project should hit its middle stage by the end of 2012, and there is no further clear planning beyond 2012 at this time.

The major assumption of the target of 500,000 new-energy vehicles by 2015 is that the government will directly purchase a large volume of electric vehicles as part of government fleets. This actually overestimates local governments' fiscal capacity as well as their intention to buy non-local electric cars.

As of the end of 2011, many cities had less than 100 electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles, and there have been few plans put forth to increase purchases.

Many cities are reluctant to spend local funds on products from other cities. Among the 25 demo cities, some large cities have made very slow progress because they lack a strong electric vehicle production base or capabilities, which gives them little motivation to purchase cars from elsewhere.

Another most popular rationale behind the government's high target is that both the central and local governments will subsidize individual buyers at around 100,000 yuan for purchasing electric or plug-in hybrids. By contrast, conventional hybrids or other energy-saving vehicle get only 3,000 yuan. This large amount of money will encourage buyers to purchase electric vehicles.

While 100,000 yuan sounds like a lot of money, it still may not provide a strong enough incentive, given pure-electric models usually cost more than 200,000 yuan. BYD's E6 is even priced at 370,000 yuan. Add that to the paucity of charging stations, and the average Chinese consumer has little motivation to buy one.

Though the price of gasoline has been rising in the past years, it is still much more economical to use a traditional car than owning an electric.

Though some people in China may want to buy electric vehicles, residents in only six cities can get central government subsidies under the "Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicles" demo project. They are Changchun, Beijing, Hefei, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Shenzhen.

Of the cities, Changchun is obviously not suitable for electric vehicles at its current technology level, and its very cold environment will dramatically reduce the lithium-ion battery's performance.

By 2011, the number of drivers of all-electric vehicles in each of the demo cities had grown to only a couple of thousand under the current subsidy scheme. Therefore, it is hard to imagine that the numbers will grow enough to meet the 2015 target in three years without the introduction of new subsidies.

Tech bottleneck

Bumpy road ahead for electric autos

Currently, China is suffering from a technological stumbling block because large batteries are currently needed to supply an electric car enough energy to drive 300 to 400 km. However, the battery will make the vehicle much heavier than a gas-powered car of the same size.

For example, a BYD E6 weighs 2.3 tons compared to the average weight of a comparable gasoline-powered car -1.6 tons. The battery weighs 700 kg, meaning that it has to expend large amounts of energy just to move its own weight.

Of course, carmakers can install a more lightweight battery into a smaller car. This way, a proper-sized battery will not make the car too heavy and can supply a reasonable driving range per charge of 120 to 180 km.

But Chinese consumers have a preference for larger cars and are not likely to pay a high premium for such a small car. The driving range limits the car's function to daily commute only, which means a family would have to own at least two cars: one conventional car for long-distance driving and a small electric. Few families in China have the means or inclination to do this at the moment.

Though a plug-in hybrid can drive longer because of its two power systems, the car usually needs to be relatively larger and is expensive too, not to mention that insufficient charging facilities exist. In many cities, the local governments have built only about 200 to 300 charging posts since 2009.

Bumpy road ahead for electric autos

Though replacing the battery can be a solution, it will require a very high level of standardization of the battery interface. Also battery replacement stations will need to be located on prime real estate within cities, making the investment expensive. Besides, automakers do not want to lose control of the battery to a third party.

Furthermore, there are technical complications with batteries. A large electric vehicle battery pack is assembled from many cells, and there is a high requirement for each battery cell's quality and performance. If one lithium-ion battery cell does not work well, the whole battery pack will be affected or destroyed.

Not a simple matter

Large-scale battery cell production is not a simple matter. A cell is made from chemical materials, which cannot be standardized in the same manner as other technologies, like IT products. There is even a question of whether the battery industry in China has the capacity to produce 500,000 high-quality large battery packs in three years.

Many people believe domestic manufacturers can "frog-leap" over foreign automakers by promoting electric technology in China. This is based on the rationale that local manufacturers lag too far behind in the conventional vehicle sector, giving them the impetus to develop cars for a niche market.

Actually, most of the key components of electric vehicles come from multinational suppliers, and few hold an illusion that China is leading the electric car industry around the globe.

Few government planners have doubt that electrification is the ultimate route for automobiles, but there are still strong reservations about whether it is possible in three to five years. If a technology is more futuristic by nature, it might be a good idea for the government to let the technology develop on its own instead of pushing it forward artificially.

The author is the managing director of Automotive Foresight (Shanghai) Co Ltd, who can be reached at yz@autoforesight.com

(China Daily 04/23/2012 pageS11)

 
 
...
久久九九精品99国产精品| 疯狂欧洲av久久成人av电影 | 日韩在线精品视频| 亚洲欧洲日产国产网站| 亚洲精品乱码久久久久久金桔影视| 91 com成人网| 欧美精品三级日韩久久| 欧美亚洲国产一区二区三区va | 在线观看成人小视频| 天天影视涩香欲综合网 | 欧美日韩免费看| 亚洲成a人v欧美综合天堂| 亚洲伊人色欲综合网| 亚洲精品国产视频| 一区二区三区在线视频免费观看| 亚洲丝袜制服诱惑| 亚洲精品乱码久久久久久黑人| 国产精品福利一区| 亚洲图片激情小说| 中文字幕字幕中文在线中不卡视频| 国产精品色在线观看| 国产精品午夜春色av| 国产欧美精品一区| 国产精品久久久久桃色tv| 国产精品久99| 亚洲免费观看高清完整版在线观看熊| 成人欧美一区二区三区白人| 亚洲女人****多毛耸耸8| 亚洲欧美欧美一区二区三区| 亚洲人成在线观看一区二区| 一区二区免费在线| 亚洲高清久久久| 欧美日韩激情美女| 欧美亚洲综合另类| 91精品国产综合久久精品app| 日韩一卡二卡三卡| 亚洲国产精品99久久| 亚洲欧美日韩中文在线制服| 中文字幕欧美日韩在线| 久久亚洲电影天堂| 7777精品久久久久久| 青草青青国产| 在线观看岛国片| 天天撸夜夜操| 濑亚美莉一二区在线视频| 四虎精品在永久在线观看| 91在线网址| 欧美黄色视屏| 日本欧美不卡| 国产乱人伦精品一区| 国产精品片aa在线观看| 中文不卡在线| 丝袜美腿一区二区三区| 国产一区不卡在线| 久久亚区不卡日本| 亚洲欧美电影院| 日本道精品一区二区三区 | 精品久久久久久综合日本欧美| 日韩av最新在线观看| 深夜精品寂寞黄网站在线观看| 欧美高清视频在线播放| 影音先锋国产| 黄页网址大全免费观看| 黄色福利视频网站| 电影在线高清| 中日韩脚交footjobhd| 日韩精品一页| 国产剧情在线观看一区| 黄色av日韩| 蜜臀精品一区二区三区在线观看 | 欧美性xxxxx极品| 欧美一区二区黄色| 在线观看久久久久久| 国内精品视频在线| 国产精品18久久久久网站| www.麻豆传媒| 看电影就来5566av视频在线播放| 人妖欧美1区| 色婷婷成人网| 欧美特黄一级大片| 亚洲在线电影| 成人av电影在线| 亚洲美女偷拍久久| 精品视频一区二区三区免费| 精品偷拍各种wc美女嘘嘘| 久久久久久综合网天天| 国产精品入口麻豆完整版| av最新网址| 91在线看片| 精品视频一区二区三区四区五区| 欧美一区二区三区久久| 狠狠色丁香久久综合频道| 国产传媒日韩欧美成人| 亚洲视频免费观看| 欧美乱妇23p| 日韩综合视频在线观看| 小早川怜子痴女在线精品视频| 羞羞在线观看网站| √新版天堂资源在线资源| 亚洲四虎影院| 欧美日韩水蜜桃| 日本91福利区| 日本一区二区三区dvd视频在线 | 免费av小说| av在线之家电影网站| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 欧州一区二区| 久久99久久久欧美国产| 一区免费观看视频| 8x8x8国产精品| 九九热精品视频国产| 婷婷5月激情5月| 涩涩视频在线观看免费| 六月婷婷综合| 日韩精品四区| 国产麻豆91精品| 洋洋av久久久久久久一区| 欧美大胆人体bbbb| 久久久久久免费精品| 成年免费视频| 久操视频在线播放| 一区二区在线视频观看| 在线成人h网| 久久久影视传媒| 欧美制服丝袜第一页| 日韩网站免费观看高清| 午夜私人影院在线观看| 国产福利小视频在线观看| 欧美a视频在线| 中文字幕日韩一区二区不卡| 成人免费av在线| 色综合视频在线观看| 在线播放日韩专区| 国产成人精品男人的天堂538| 视频一区二区三区国产| 欧美综合影院| 一本色道久久精品| 欧美国产视频在线| 欧美成人性福生活免费看| 欧美性视频网站| 91热爆在线观看| 欧洲精品一区二区三区| 91精品啪在线观看国产18 | 欧美国产第二页| 三级免费网站| 精品捆绑调教一区二区三区| 精品国产一区二区三区av片| 国产毛片精品国产一区二区三区| 亚洲第一福利一区| 中文字幕在线成人| 免费福利电影| 天天干在线视频论坛| 国产精品免费不| 成人免费va视频| 欧美日韩国产123区| 5566成人精品视频免费| 天天射综合网站| yy6080久久伦理一区二区| 国精品一区二区三区| 国产精品网站在线观看| 亚洲国产日韩欧美在线图片| 精品无人区乱码1区2区3区免费| 国产精品免费播放| 国产区精品视频在线观看豆花| 免费美女久久99| 舔着乳尖日韩一区| 欧美大片第1页| 天天看片激情网站| 欧美高清影院| 日韩和欧美的一区| 性做久久久久久免费观看| 久久精品人人做人人爽| 成人图片小说| 日韩成人av电影| 好吊一区二区三区| 亚洲色图清纯唯美| 在线电影欧美日韩一区二区私密| 草莓视频末满18勿| 涩涩涩在线视频| 亚洲韩日在线| 亚洲一区二区免费视频| 久久深夜福利免费观看| 黄色av网站在线观看| 亚洲国产91视频| 免费成人在线网站| 欧美四级电影网| 亚洲国产综合久久精品小蝴蝶| a√资源在线| 日韩精品影视| 国产精品三级av| 夜夜嗨av一区二区三区四区 | 久久黄色网页| 色先锋久久av资源部| 51精品国产黑色丝袜高跟鞋| 国产一区电影| 国产精品亚洲片在线播放| 久久综合狠狠综合久久激情| 亚洲国产黄色片| 黑人巨大狂躁日本妞在线观看 | 亚洲成av人综合在线观看| 九九热在线精品视频| 一级香蕉视频在线观看| www.爱久久| 成人天堂资源www在线| 欧美成人猛片aaaaaaa| 色视频免费网站| 在线天堂新版最新版在线8| 一本一本久久| 色噜噜狠狠成人网p站| 黄色一二三区| 制服丝袜在线播放| 国产精品videosex极品| 性做久久久久久久免费看| 91成品人片a无限观看| 91高清在线| 亚洲乱码精品| 亚洲综合色自拍一区| 国内精品久久久久久久久| 91在线品视觉盛宴免费| 欧美成人日韩| 亚洲成av人影院在线观看网| 亚洲在线天堂| 少妇视频在线| 亚洲影院在线| 在线91免费看| 成全在线观看免费完整动漫| 日韩免费大片| 国产成人精品三级| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区情侣bbw | 涩涩视频在线播放| 青青草97国产精品免费观看无弹窗版 | 日韩av在线免费观看不卡| 欧美日韩激情一区二区三区| 夜夜骑日日射| 狂野欧美性猛交xxxx| 国产成人av资源| 亚洲免费av片| 午夜男人视频在线观看| 国产欧美一区二区三区精品观看| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲毛片| 欧美日韩国产91| 98在线视频| 日韩视频二区| 欧美日韩在线不卡| 美女污污网站| 亚洲无线观看| 日本一区免费视频| 欧美极品在线视频| av大全在线| 老司机精品福利视频| 91精品国产入口| 成人免费视频网站在线看| 欧美绝顶高潮抽搐喷水合集| 国产精品美女久久久久久久| 久久久亚洲精选| 污片视频在线免费观看| 性高湖久久久久久久久| 日韩欧美的一区| 国产午夜电影| 欧美日韩精品一区二区视频| 亚洲va天堂va国产va久| 国产麻豆视频网站| 欧美黄页免费| 久久久久久一级片| 欧美精品久久久久久久久| 日本欧美电影在线观看| 美腿丝袜亚洲色图| 国产丝袜一区视频在线观看| 偷拍自拍在线| 精品成人一区| 日韩午夜激情视频| 中文字幕123| 羞羞答答成人影院www| 日本精品免费观看高清观看| 黄色大片a级| 欧美一性一交| 亚洲va中文字幕| 品天堂xxxx高清| 色天天色综合| 亚洲第一福利一区| 日日干天夜夜| 爽爽窝窝午夜精品一区二区| 亚洲一级电影视频| 外卖gayxxxxgay1| 久久精品论坛| 亚洲超碰精品一区二区| 两个人免费视频观看日本| 岛国精品一区| 亚洲综合色自拍一区| 天堂网在线.www天堂在线 | av手机在线看| 一区二区三区午夜视频| 欧美精品久久一区| 如如影视在线观看经典| 激情另类综合| 亚洲国产日韩一区| 理论在线观看| 爽好多水快深点欧美视频| 亚洲欧美精品suv| 日本视频在线| 美女精品自拍一二三四| 在线亚洲欧美视频| 欧美寡妇性猛交xxx免费| 成人av综合在线| 性视频1819p久久| 素人一区二区三区| 国产精品二三区| 精品麻豆国产| 乱亲女h秽乱长久久久| 精品久久久久久久久久ntr影视| 岛国片在线看| 日韩免费视频| 91精品国产一区二区三区蜜臀| 中文字幕在线视频网| 国产精品试看| 亚洲欧美色图片| 日本在线视频www鲁啊鲁| 国产大陆精品国产| 97超级碰在线看视频免费在线看| 成人黄色毛片| 亚洲色图20p| 爱爱视频网站免费| 天天超碰亚洲| 亚洲精品在线观看视频| melody高清在线观看| 国产在线播放一区二区三区| 欧美黄网免费在线观看| 久久精品97| 亚洲欧洲制服丝袜| 黄网站免费看| 欧美成人精品| 亚洲欧美国产高清va在线播| 日本在线视频网址| 久久众筹精品私拍模特| 欧美精品小视频| 久久av超碰| 91精品国产美女浴室洗澡无遮挡| 黄色av免费在线观看| 国产在线不卡视频| 26uuu另类亚洲欧美日本一 | 亚洲丝袜美腿一区| 欧美日韩高清不卡| 国产尤物视频在线| 粉嫩蜜臀av国产精品网站| 色先锋av男人资源先锋影院| 国内毛片久久| 欧美日韩卡一卡二| 91精品专区| 97久久精品人人爽人人爽蜜臀| 日本色图欧美色图| 国产中文字幕一区二区三区| 欧美大片免费久久精品三p| 国产网站在线免费观看| 久久亚洲一级片| 夜夜夜操操操| 国内视频精品| 自拍亚洲一区欧美另类| 国产综合色在线观看| 亚洲一区二区美女| 人猿泰山h版在线观看| 日韩专区欧美专区| 久久久之久亚州精品露出| 日韩精品免费视频一区二区三区 | 欧美日韩国产大片| 麻豆视频免费在线观看| 久久久久久麻豆| 蜜桃自拍偷拍| 精品成人免费| 久久69精品久久久久久久电影好 | 不卡中文字幕av| 色噜噜成人av在线| 色婷婷综合久久久久中文| 日韩精品视频无播放器在线看 | 免费短视频成人日韩| 欧美一级欧美一级在线播放| av小次郎在线| 中文字幕一区二区在线观看| 色视频www在线播放国产人成| 日韩精品一二三区| 美女视频一区二区三区在线| 亚洲裸色大胆大尺寸艺术写真| 精品久久一区二区三区| 丁香花在线电影小说观看 | 国产福利免费观看| 欧美久久视频| 久久艹在线视频| 久久精品66| 亚洲激情国产精品| 国产亚洲一区二区手机在线观看| 午夜精品123| 高清中文字幕一区二区三区| 国产亚洲综合av| 成人网18入口| 精品亚洲国产成人av制服丝袜| 日韩欧美在线综合| 欧美日韩国产亚洲一区| 欧美福利在线观看| 久久av导航| 中文字幕亚洲欧美日韩2019| 国产专区精品|