国产av不卡一区二区_欧美xxxx做受欧美_成年人看的毛片_亚洲第一天堂在线观看_亚洲午夜精品久久久中文影院av_8x8ⅹ国产精品一区二区二区_久久精品国产sm调教网站演员_亚洲av综合色区无码一二三区_成人免费激情视频_国产九九九视频

Testing times for HIV anonymity

Updated:2012-02-22 13:51

(chinadaily.com.cn)

Testing times for HIV anonymity

Editor's Note

South China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region has drafted legislation that demands personal information for HIV testing. It also requires those who test positive to inform their spouses and sexual partners.

The new rule has sparked an intense debate.

Some argue it could ensure those who test positive are informed in time, allowing them to seek early treatment and prevent the virus from passing to their loved ones; while others oppose the rule, arguing it may violate privacy and scare away people from taking the test.

 

Testing times for HIV anonymity

Debate on Real-name HIV testing

Protecting partners and disease control

Testing times for HIV anonymity

An intrusion of privacy leads to fear

1. Inform HIV/AIDS carriers

The real-name system will keep related people informed of a patient's condition and take necessary measures to avoid dangerous acts and therefore cut the spread of the disease.

-- Wang Yu, director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

2. Protect spouses or sex partners

Real-name testing will encourage those who test positive to inform their spouses or sex partners.

-- Lv Fan, director of the policy studies department of the China CDC's National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention

Whether or not a person tells others of his/her disease is a matter of privacy. But other people have the right to know the truth if a person could harm them and even put their lives in danger by not revealing the truth.

-- Reader of chinadaily.com.cn

3. Help doctors to collect data

Real-name testing helps doctors quickly reach out to new carriers of the disease.

-- Wang Yu, director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

1. Potential takers may be scared away

 Many people and AIDS prevention activist groups have attacked the proposal, arguing that fear of exposure may scare away people from taking the test in a society where discrimination against HIV is rampant.

2. Lead to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment will go backward

The real-name HIV test is sure to lead to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment going backward, because anonymous tests at least can encourage potential carriers to take tests while a real-name test is bound to make them reluctant to take tests.

-- Yu Fangqiang, executive director of Justice for All, an NGO based in Nanjing, Jiangsu province

3. Break last defense for carriers' privacy

In the current social environment, it's an undoubted fact that HIV carriers' equal rights with healthy people are not guaranteed. The real-name test will break the last defense for HIV/AIDs carriers' privacy.

-- Meng Lin with China Alliance of PLWHA

Right to privacy is a valuable thing, especially in societies where ignorance about issues like HIV/AIDS may lead to condemning the carriers there of.

-- Reader of chinadaily.com.cn

Survey: 50% support HIV test identity rule

Nearly 50 percent of people polled in a recent survey support a proposal that people taking HIV tests should give their real name in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region in South China as they think it will help prevent the disease spreading.

Another 21.2 percent said they would support the regulation if confidentiality could be guaranteed.

The remaining 29.1 percent didn't agree as they thought the regulation may harm a patient's privacy.

The survey was conducted by sina.com and polled 4,379 people in total.

Timeline: China's efforts to curb HIV/AIDS

China will further expand testing and intervention efforts, including education and drug coverage, according to the country's 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15) for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.

2011: China is set to substantially expand HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services in the next five years to strive for early detection and treatment.

2010: China lifts a decade-old restriction that banned foreigners with HIV/AIDS from entering the country.

2004: The State Council establishes its AIDS working committee.

2003: Premier Wen visits AIDS patients in a hospital and becomes the first premier to publicly shake hands with AIDS patients in a bid to eliminate social discrimination. China initiates its Four Free and One Care policy.

1998: The National Center for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control is established. HIV is found for the first time in all 31 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

1997: Reporting of HIV/AIDS cases is initiated and an epidemic database established.

1995: An HIV sentinel surveillance system is established nationally. All blood and plasma collection stations are shut down.

1985: The first HIV case is detected and the first AIDS death is recorded.

HIV in China: tough visual data

Testing times for HIV anonymity

About 780,000 people will be living with HIV/AIDS on the mainland by the end of this year, 40,000 more than 2009, according to an estimate issued jointly by the Ministry of Health and UNAIDS.

The estimated number of new infections this year stands at 48,000 and 28,000 deaths. Nearly 82 percent of infections resulted from sex, including more than 29 percent through homosexual acts.

China's infection rate overall is 0.06 percent. The WHO defines high prevalence as 1 percent or more.

Gay and bisexual men account for around one in every three new cases of HIV in China, according to the latest official statistics released by the Ministry of Health.(Gay men hit hard by HIV/AIDS)

Of the cases reported so far this year, roughly 20 percent were in people 50 and older, up 10 percentage points from 2007. (80-year-old found with HIV by 'unprotected sex')

Infections among students aged 20 to 24 also increased, with 56 percent contracting the virus via gay sex. (HIV/AIDS cases soar on college campuses)

Click to read more about progress made in China's HIV/AIDS campaign

Testing times for HIV anonymity
HIV testing around the world

Considerable controversy exists over the ethical obligations of health care providers to inform the sexual partners of individuals infected with HIV that they are at risk of contracting the virus. Some legal jurisdictions permit such disclosure, while others do not.

More state funded testing sites are now using confidential forms of testing. This allows for monitoring of infected individuals easily, compared to anonymous testing that has a number attached to the positive test results. Controversy exists over privacy issues.

In developing countries, home-based HIV testing and counseling (HBHTC) is an emerging approach for addressing confidentiality issues. HBHTC allows individuals, couples, and families to learn their HIV status in the convenience and privacy of their home environment.

Rapid HIV tests are most often used, so results are available for the client between 15 and 30 minutes. Furthermore, when an HIV positive result is communicated, the HTC provider can offer appropriate linkages for prevention, care, and treatment.

HIV testing needs a more perfect system

Regulations to protect personal data

Testing times for HIV anonymity

No HIV/AIDS discrimination

Guangxi is mulling regulations to protect personal data and ban any attempt to reveal information to the public without the patient's consent. >>

While discrimination against HIV carriers and AIDS patients still widely exists in China, the problem is even more prominent when it comes to medical treatment. >>

Testing times for HIV anonymity                              

Concluding remarks

 

Although the new regulation is intended to help prevent the spread of HIV, the number of people taking HIV tests has dropped which could undermine long-term efforts to improve intervention and will increase the chances of the spreading the virus.

"There is still a lot of work to do before real-name testing can be implemented, including confidentiality training for health care personnel, strengthened legal supervision and public anti-discrimination campaigns," Lv Fan, director of the policy studies department of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

 

国产欧美久久久精品影院| 小鲜肉gaygays免费动漫| 欧美大片在线看免费观看| 色哟哟入口国产精品| 日韩精品极品视频免费观看| 日韩免费视频线观看| 欧美高清视频不卡网| 欧美亚洲动漫另类| 色偷偷88欧美精品久久久| 福利二区91精品bt7086| 五月激情综合网| 午夜精品视频在线观看| 午夜久久久久久久久久一区二区| 亚洲大尺度视频在线观看| 亚洲小说欧美激情另类| 亚洲一区二区黄色| 亚洲第一激情av| 五月天亚洲婷婷| 欧美中文一区二区| av在线影视| 日日干天天干| 久草在线国产| 国产九一视频| 宅男午夜电影| 亚洲精品视频99| 日韩大胆视频| 888av在线| 国产美女福利在线| 曰本三级在线| av中文字幕在线观看第一页 | 久久99国产精品久久99| 激情成人综合网| 国产激情精品久久久第一区二区| 国产suv精品一区二区6| 91在线播放网址| 中文字幕欧美日韩一区| 亚洲久草在线视频| 午夜激情综合网| 一本在线高清不卡dvd| 欧美三级在线视频| 日韩三级高清在线| 日韩久久精品成人| 最新91在线视频| 欧美精品videossex性护士| 欧美精品1区| 欧美在线色图| 欧美一区免费| 久久久久久穴| 国产一区二区精品久久99| 粉嫩aⅴ一区二区三区四区五区| 成人高清免费观看| 国产欧美视频一区二区| 亚洲综合色丁香婷婷六月图片| 午夜久久福利影院| 欧美久久久久中文字幕| 精品国产一区二区三区久久影院| 亚洲欧美日韩精品久久亚洲区| 久久视频在线视频| 欧美一级电影免费在线观看| 国产一区你懂的| 伊人狠狠av| 亚洲精品视频在线免费| а√资源新版在线天堂| 在线观看特色大片免费视频| 99精品国产九九国产精品| 欧美午夜18电影| 伊人成综合网| 免费看黄色91| 91丨九色丨蝌蚪丨老版| 亚洲蜜桃精久久久久久久| 日本韩国欧美一区二区三区| 欧美变态tickling挠脚心| 在线视频国产日韩| 亚洲第一免费看片| 奇米影视狠888| 国产超碰在线观看| 国产在线69| 欧美与亚洲与日本直播| 欧美三级午夜理伦三级在线观看| 真实国产乱子伦精品一区二区三区| 另类av一区二区| 国产真实生活伦对白| 高清av影院| av在线天堂| 亚洲精品**中文毛片| 91精品尤物| 欧美一区二区三区另类| 奇米综合一区二区三区精品视频| 91网上在线视频| 亚洲午夜三级在线| 日韩视频一区在线观看| 色悠悠久久久久| 四虎久久影院| 369你懂的电影天堂| aaa在线观看| 欧美日韩尤物久久| 伊人久久大香线蕉综合网站 | 精品1区2区3区4区| 国产乱理伦片在线观看夜一区| 亚洲国产精华液网站w| 91黄色免费看| 一区二区三区四区精品| 成人男女网免费| 成人免费xx| 国产在线1区| 成人短视频软件网站大全app| 99久久夜色精品国产亚洲96| 美女性感视频久久| 亚洲视频在线一区| 免费观看久久av| 黑人久久a级毛片免费观看| 你懂的国产精品永久在线| 国产中文字幕一区| 成人免费视频在线观看| 91精品午夜视频| 超碰91人人草人人干| 直接看的黄色网址| 牛牛热在线视频| 成人精品高清在线视频| 久久亚洲在线| 国产一区激情在线| 亚洲高清中文字幕| 精品一区二区三区三区| 四虎电影网址| 日韩写真在线| 浪潮色综合久久天堂| 久久国产影院| 国产精品一区二区久久不卡| 亚洲国产中文字幕在线视频综合| 亚洲电影在线观看| 男人操女人视频网站| 美日韩在线观看| 国产高清自产拍av在线| 精品国产乱码久久久| 精品亚洲国产成人av制服丝袜| 一区二区三区四区乱视频| 日韩精品在线免费观看| 欧美日本色图| 男人天堂资源在线| 96sao精品免费视频观看| 影音先锋国产精品| 日本一区二区三区在线观看| 日韩一区二区免费高清| 欧美一级视频一区二区| videoxxxx另类日本极品| 美女日批视频在线观看| 国产区精品区| 国产成人av网站| 在线免费一区三区| 欧美人成在线视频| 九九热这里只有| 三级资源在线| 精品产国自在拍| 国产**成人网毛片九色 | 在线国产日本| 国产第一精品| 国产精品老牛| 亚洲欧美偷拍另类a∨色屁股| 日韩精品免费综合视频在线播放 | 国产视频网站一区二区三区| 国产欧美欧美| 亚洲精品视频自拍| 国产一区二区三区视频| 黄色免费直接看| 美足av综合网| 91国语精品自产拍| 久久先锋影音av鲁色资源网| 欧美一区二区三区喷汁尤物| 亚洲天堂影院在线观看| 男人av在线| 国产成人澳门| 国产精品亚洲综合一区在线观看| 在线一区二区观看| 97免费在线视频| 日本亚洲欧美| 加勒比中文字幕精品| 激情综合网最新| 欧美性色欧美a在线播放| 97精品在线视频| 天天在线女人的天堂视频| 亚洲视频一起| 久久成人18免费观看| 一本大道久久精品懂色aⅴ| 欧美成人女星排行榜| 精品在线99| 黄色小视网站| √…a在线天堂一区| 激情都市亚洲| 欧美剧在线观看| 日本aⅴ亚洲精品中文乱码| 好男人免费精品视频| 亚洲香蕉伊综合在人在线视看| 老牛嫩草一区二区三区日本| 国产黄色一级电影| 亚洲乱码国产乱码精品精的特点| 欧美成人h版| 亚洲人成电影网站色…| 五月天激情综合网| h文在线观看免费| 亚洲一区av在线| 丝袜美腿亚洲一区| 看亚洲a级一级毛片| 色综合888| 亚洲欧美天堂| 日韩精品一区二区三区中文精品| 国产精品一区二区在线看| 青青草原在线亚洲| 亚洲欧美视频一区二区| 永久免费黄色软件| 亚洲一区在线观看免费 | 精品偷拍一区二区三区在线看| 国产精品美女| 欧美私密网站| 免费在线观看羞羞视频| 三级在线播放| 嫩草一区二区三区| 国产欧美日韩亚州综合| 综合欧美国产视频二区| 福利在线国产| 日本中文字幕在线一区| 久久亚洲精品国产精品紫薇| 国产亚洲欧美日韩美女| 美女av网站| 日韩av系列| 国产精品免费人成网站| 久久精品国产一区二区电影| 日韩黄色影片| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 亚洲精品视频在线看| 午夜欧美不卡精品aaaaa| 色哟哟免费在线观看| 欧美日韩国产精品一区二区亚洲| 亚洲成人动漫在线观看| 亚洲日本伊人| 波多野结衣精品| 久久精品系列| 欧美一区二区免费| 成年大片免费视频播放二级| 成年永久一区二区三区免费视频| 福利一区二区在线| 亚洲图片制服诱惑| 在线看三级网站视频| 精品产国自在拍| 亚洲欧美日韩中文字幕一区二区三区| 欧美精品xxx| 中文字幕资源网在线观看| 亚洲一区二区三区高清| 欧美肥妇毛茸茸| 成人午夜国产福到在线| 国产一区二区三区四区五区3d| 国产福利91精品| 亚洲视频在线视频| 台湾av在线二三区观看| 亚洲欧美综合久久久| 日韩欧美在线网址| 91xx在线观看| 国产亚洲高清在线观看| 久久久久久久久久久电影| 欧美剧在线观看| 黄色免费在线观看网站| 美女尤物久久精品| 日韩欧美一级二级| 美女视频免费观看网站在线| 精品不卡一区| 欧美日韩国产中文字幕 | 成人羞羞视频在线看网址| 一区二区免费在线| 欧美videos另类| 久久天天久久| 久久夜色精品国产噜噜av| 久久99亚洲精品| 免费在线中文字幕| 久久99久久99| 中文字幕国产亚洲2019| 最新97超碰在线| 久久久久久久高潮| 亚洲精品国产欧美| 久久视频www| 亚洲综合激情| 欧美精品一区二区久久久| 中文在线天堂库| 欧美三级第一页| 日韩一级免费一区| 黄色高清在线观看| 午夜精品网站| 欧美一二三在线| 草久在线视频| 欧美日韩一视频区二区| 91精品国产欧美日韩| 2023欧美最顶级a∨艳星| 亚洲综合色站| 91精品国产色综合久久久蜜香臀| 影音先锋导航| 欧美日本三区| 亚洲电影免费观看| 国产乱视频在线观看| 日韩影院在线观看| 亚洲精品丝袜日韩| 日本成人在线播放| 久久成人综合网| 久久久国产精品亚洲一区| 波多野结衣在线播放| av电影天堂一区二区在线观看| 欧美精品久久久久久久免费观看| 日本不卡1234视频| 国产亚洲成年网址在线观看| 中文乱码字幕av网站| 国产色99精品9i| 亚洲一区二区在线免费观看视频| 黄页在线免费观看| 欧美三级三级| 欧美美女一区二区| 在线麻豆国产传媒1国产免费| 99精品国产福利在线观看免费 | 精品无人区太爽高潮在线播放| 成人动漫在线免费观看| 美女mm1313爽爽久久久蜜臀| www日韩欧美| 美女日韩欧美| 国产精品久久久久久久午夜片 | 欧美在线一二三四区| h色视频在线观看| 午夜在线一区| 日韩在线观看免费高清完整版| 成人免费图片免费观看| 久久久综合网站| 九九九九热精品免费视频| 日本中文字幕在线一区| 欧美日韩在线观看一区二区| 欧美hdfree性xxxx| 三级久久三级久久| 欧美精品少妇videofree| 视频在线日韩| 亚洲综合在线观看视频| 99re6在线视频| 亚洲午夜91| 亚洲视频电影图片偷拍一区| 欧美videossex另类| 国产亚洲精品7777| 影音先锋2020资源| 天天做天天爱综合| 亚洲国产日韩欧美综合久久| av网站在线免费看推荐| 91麻豆123| 69精品视频| 五月天综合网站| 亚洲欧美国产视频| 天堂电影一区| 亚洲激情网站免费观看| 黄色网址入口| 免费亚洲一区| 欧美激情手机在线视频| 久久国产精品美女| 欧洲国内综合视频| 日韩欧美在线番号| 丁香六月久久综合狠狠色| 日韩欧美中文字幕不卡| 精品国产一区二区三区噜噜噜 | 欧美久久综合| 最近中文字幕2019免费| japanese23hdxxxx日韩| 亚洲va欧美va国产va天堂影院| 97在线影院| 精品午夜一区二区三区在线观看| 在线视频亚洲色图| 免费一区二区三区视频导航| 精品精品欲导航| heyzo一区| 亚洲综合视频在线观看| 捆绑紧缚一区二区三区在线观看| 日韩高清在线一区| 嫩模一区二区三区| 国产中文精品久高清在线不| 欧美精品一区二区久久久| sqte在线播放| 夜夜嗨av一区二区三区中文字幕 | 国产欧美一区二区三区鸳鸯浴| 日本亲与子乱a| 欧美午夜免费影院| 精品久久国产精品| 国产精品亚洲欧美一级在线| 欧美怡红院视频| 色欧美激情视频在线| 久久久亚洲精品一区二区三区| 狠狠色噜噜狠狠狠8888米奇| 在线一区免费观看| 久久久久久噜噜噜久久久精品| 欧美在线导航| 亚洲国产中文字幕久久网| 五月天国产在线| 欧美日韩美女在线| 亚洲成人三级| 国产精品伦理在线| 日本桃色视频| 国产99精品视频| 色一情一欲一爱一乱| 免费亚洲一区| 久草在线资源网| 中文字幕午夜精品一区二区三区| 久久国产精品影视|