如何翻譯“穩(wěn)健的財(cái)政政策和貨幣政策”
[ 2006-11-01 10:47 ]
作者：丁衡祁
陳小全
在去年十一月召開的中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會議上，決定今年要實(shí)行穩(wěn)健的財(cái)政政策和貨幣政策，這標(biāo)志著實(shí)施已近7年的積極財(cái)政政策調(diào)整了取向。對于“穩(wěn)健的財(cái)政政策和貨幣政策”的英譯，許多媒體都是用prudent fiscal and monetary policies
來表達(dá)的：
1. A high-level meeting of the Community Party of China (CPC) held
Wednesday set the tone for China's economic policy next year, declaring that
China will exercise prudent fiscal
and monetary policies in 2005.
2. The policy shift from 'proactive to prudent' fiscal and monetary
policies was made 'to conform with changes in China's macro-economic situation
and consolidate the achievements of macro-control,'
3. China's
proactive fiscal policy, in place
since 1998, has resulted in seven years of world-stunning economic growth. A
prudent policy is the logical choice
to curb overheating of the economy, maintain steady development and improve the
efficiency of the economy.
4. China has begun to shift to a
prudent financial policy for
economic development after having adopted a proactive fiscal policy for securing
sustainable growth during the past seven years.
5. In line with the
prudent policy, the Chinese
government will cut budget deficit and public investment, reform expenditure
structure and push financial reform while carrying out macro-control measures,
he said.
但是，prudent（謹(jǐn)慎）有消極保守的意思：Definition of
PRUDENT: careful and
sensible; marked by sound judgment; "a prudent manager";
"prudent rulers"; "prudent hesitation"; "more prudent to hide than to fight"
1. US prudent policy about
climate change：（謹(jǐn)慎且消極的態(tài)度）The US Administration
has come under criticism within many European countries and within the American
community of environmentalists for adopting what is considered to be
too relaxed a view toward the
question of global climate change, more particularly toward the prospect of a
substantial warming of the surface of the earth sometime during the next
century.
2. Prudent fiscal
policy spells economic recovery
（帶動經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇）
“謹(jǐn)慎的財(cái)政政策”的說法在國外也能找到依據(jù)。例如，“謹(jǐn)慎的財(cái)政政策是新加坡經(jīng)濟(jì)管理的重要特征。雖然有更大的開支壓力和較緊的預(yù)算，但我們必須保持這個謹(jǐn)慎的財(cái)政政策?！?BR>
那么，穩(wěn)健的財(cái)政政策是什么呢？財(cái)政部長金人慶支出：“實(shí)行穩(wěn)健的財(cái)政政策（也就是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)講的中性財(cái)政政策），主要是要服從服務(wù)于改革發(fā)展大局，服從服務(wù)于中央宏觀調(diào)控大局，宏觀上既要防止通貨膨脹的苗頭繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，又要防止通貨緊縮的趨勢重新出現(xiàn)；既要堅(jiān)決控制投資需求膨脹，又要努力擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求；既要對投資過熱的行業(yè)從緊，又要著力支持經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。政策核心是松緊適度，著力協(xié)調(diào)，放眼長遠(yuǎn)。具體說來，要注重把握'控制赤字、調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)、推進(jìn)改革、增收節(jié)支'十六個字?！?BR>
中性是指有增有減，有保有壓，松緊適度，既不過快也不過慢，既不過高也不過低，這是穩(wěn)健財(cái)政政策的重要特征。國家發(fā)改委宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)研究院副院長王一鳴說：“我理解的穩(wěn)健是它既不同于過去的積極財(cái)政政策那樣的擴(kuò)張，也不同于緊縮型財(cái)政政策那樣一種收縮，而是從過去積極財(cái)政政策的軌道上逐步地退下來，也就是說要逐步減少它的擴(kuò)張力度。……經(jīng)濟(jì)保持一種穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的格局，既不過快也不過慢，既不過高也不過低。……
穩(wěn)健的財(cái)政政策并不是從擴(kuò)張轉(zhuǎn)向緊縮，也不意味著對經(jīng)濟(jì)支持力度的減弱，它的核心是松緊適度，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)健康平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。”
英語中sound policy的含義：If sound policy is to be formulated, the issues will
be decided on the basis of three criteria: Is the proposed matter feasible? (Can it be done?) Is it advisable? (Should it be done?) Is it
efficient? (What is the cost-benefit
ratio?) The policy will be sound if
those questions are answered affirmatively, or if a satisfactory compromise
based on the criteria is made.
從以上的解釋不難看出，英語中的sound policy同漢語中的“穩(wěn)健政策”是比較吻合的。因?yàn)樗且钥尚行?、必要性和效益性這“三性”要求為前提的。
Sound Monetary Policy Supports a Healthy
Economy.
Sound Fiscal Policy
Spurs Economic Growth
European Central Bank president Jean-Claude Trichet
said that sound fiscal policies
would help the ECB to keep interest rates relatively low.
The governor
has highlighted the main objectives of any sound
monetary policy - the maintenance of price stability and
stability of the external value of the domestic currency.
A
sound monetary and fiscal policy
framework has to be complemented by structural policies that make the economy
more flexible and dynamic.
積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策也可以帶動經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇，而不是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長或發(fā)展，例如：
China's pro-active fiscal policies and sound monetary
policies have contributed to the overall recovery of economy.
實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的全面復(fù)蘇的促進(jìn)作用。
Sustaining Economic Recovery through Sound Monetary
Policy
由此看來，“穩(wěn)健”（sound）和“謹(jǐn)慎”（prudent）是可以交替使用的，只是前者更為可取。孫學(xué)工在他的《財(cái)政赤字政策的選擇》一文中指出：“應(yīng)根據(jù)我國具體情況并參照相應(yīng)的國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)，建立起適合中國國情的、滿足當(dāng)前發(fā)展階段需要的、且又是充分謹(jǐn)慎的財(cái)政政策規(guī)則。…… 其實(shí)更應(yīng)改為"謹(jǐn)慎的財(cái)政政策”。政府之所以選擇“穩(wěn)健”，只是為了尋求一種平衡與引導(dǎo)，從中可以看到政府的用心良苦，其實(shí)怎么說都是無所謂的，大家知道怎么做就是了。”
順便提一下，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的語料庫里，Sound policy 的例子比較多，Prudent policy的例子比較少，而Cautious
policy的例子則很難找到。
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 丁衡祁，對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)商務(wù)英語系教授，2002
年退休后被對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)卓越國際學(xué)院聘為英語教學(xué)研究中心主任。曾任對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)研究生部主任兼師資培訓(xùn)中心主任。曾被派往中國駐美國舊金山總領(lǐng)事館任商務(wù)領(lǐng)事。曾在中央電視臺主講英語教學(xué)節(jié)目《奪魁》（Bid
for
Power）?，F(xiàn)為中國翻譯協(xié)會理事，《中國翻譯》雜志編委，中國譯協(xié)對外傳播委員會成員，全國翻譯專業(yè)資格考試英語專家委員會委員，中國日報網(wǎng)站英語點(diǎn)津“翻譯擂臺賽”特約專家，中國對外翻譯出版公司專家顧問委員會委員，中國進(jìn)出口銀行英文譯審。
 陳小全，對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)商務(wù)英語系副教授。1982年畢業(yè)于北京外國語大學(xué)；曾任教于清華大學(xué)外語系和對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易管理干部學(xué)院英語系；1987-88年，在英國曼徹斯特大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)并獲語言學(xué)碩士學(xué)位；1995-98年，在我國駐英國使館經(jīng)商處任一秘兼調(diào)研室主任。十幾年來，主要從事基礎(chǔ)英語及商務(wù)英語教學(xué)與研究；近年來開始從事實(shí)用文體的翻譯與研究。中國翻譯工作者協(xié)會中譯外委員會委員及《中國翻譯》雜志特約撰稿人，為該雜志“翻譯自學(xué)之友”及“漢英對照欄目”供稿。
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