特別推薦：2011兩會(huì)雙語(yǔ)直通車
在中國(guó)，每年有約150萬(wàn)患者等待接受器官移植，卻只有1.3萬(wàn)人能有幸實(shí)施手術(shù)，更多人在無(wú)望的等待中死亡。去年3月，衛(wèi)生部與中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)在全國(guó)十余個(gè)省市啟動(dòng)了為期一年的人體器官捐獻(xiàn)試點(diǎn)嘗試，旨在探索我國(guó)人體器官捐獻(xiàn)體系，緩解器官源稀缺。一年過(guò)去了，十個(gè)試點(diǎn)城市中通過(guò)試點(diǎn)捐獻(xiàn)體系完成器官移植手術(shù)的只有40多例，自愿捐獻(xiàn)器官的志愿者也只有100多位。衛(wèi)生部副部長(zhǎng)黃潔夫表示，人體器官捐獻(xiàn)試點(diǎn)期將延長(zhǎng)半年，并將在兩年內(nèi)對(duì)試點(diǎn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)估和反饋，隨后向全國(guó)推廣。
專家認(rèn)為，國(guó)內(nèi)目前沒(méi)有一套完整的器官捐獻(xiàn)模式。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明：完整的器官捐獻(xiàn)體系包括國(guó)家器官移植管理體系、人體器官捐獻(xiàn)者登記系統(tǒng)、人體器官捐獻(xiàn)和分配體系、器官移植臨床服務(wù)體系等多個(gè)部分。現(xiàn)實(shí)中，紅十字會(huì)器官捐獻(xiàn)工作存在很大局限性。另外，由于沒(méi)有腦死亡立法，我國(guó)器官供體質(zhì)量遠(yuǎn)不如國(guó)外，其來(lái)源程序也在受干擾。目前全世界有89個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)有腦死亡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一些國(guó)家還制定有《腦死亡法》。如果能在法律上確認(rèn)腦死亡，器官移植醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展會(huì)更快，更多病人會(huì)受益。
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Almost one year into its trial run, China's first voluntary organ donation system has facilitated only 40-odd organ transplant surgeries in 11 pilot regions on the mainland.
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Almost one year into its trial run, China's first voluntary organ donation system has facilitated only 40-odd organ transplant surgeries in 11 pilot regions on the mainland, said Vice-Health Minister Huang Jiefu. Meanwhile, more than 100 volunteers have donated organs through the system.
When the system goes nationwide, and given rising volunteerism in China, more people will donate organs after death to help save those who would die without a transplant, Huang, also a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, told China Daily on the sidelines of the ongoing "Two Sessions."
"The trial run by the Red Cross Society of China and the Ministry of Health will be extended by half a year in pilot areas. After assessment and revision, it's expected to go nationwide in two years," said Huang, also an Australia-trained liver transplant expert.
Given the practical situation and social conventions here, all practitioners should use cardiac death as a standard definition of death for donations, adding that donations after cardiac death fit best into China's current situation where the understanding of brain death among the public and even medical workers remains poor.
Organ transplant surgeons in China have long called for brain-death legislation, arguing brain-death donation could secure high-quality organ donations for transplants.
"A lack of brain-death legislation, which in truth is not necessarily related to organ donation and transplant, should not hamper the promotion of organ donation," Huang refuted.
Performed in a proper way, donations after cardiac death can also meet the demand of transplants, said Huang's latest academic article to be published soon by the Lancet, a world-leading medical journal.
When the public is capable of understanding concepts such as brain death, euthanasia and vegetative states, "they will be allowed to choose between the two criteria," he added.
China now has 163 hospitals nationwide authorized by the ministry to perform organ transplants.
"We'll add 10 new ones to the list soon who have to strictly adhere to the cardiac death standard," he said.
Currently, about 10,000 organ transplants are performed each year on the Chinese mainland. It is estimated that around 1.3 million people are waiting for a transplant, largely due to the shortage of donated organs.
(China Daily)
（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen 編輯）
