五年來，我們主要做了以下工作：
The following are our main accomplishments over the past five years:
（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，促進經濟平穩較快發展。
我們注重把握宏觀調控的方向、重點和力度，牢牢掌握經濟工作的主動權。“十一五”前期，針對投資增長過快、貿易順差過大、流動性過剩，以及結構性、輸入性物價上漲等問題，采取正確的政策措施，有效防止了苗頭性問題演變成趨勢性問題、局部性問題演變成全局性問題。近兩年，面對百年罕見的國際金融危機沖擊，我們沉著應對，科學決策，果斷實行積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。堅持實施一攬子計劃，大規模增加政府支出和實行結構性減稅，大范圍實施重點產業調整振興規劃，大力推進自主創新和加強科技支撐，大幅度提高社會保障水平。堅持擴大內需的戰略方針，采取鼓勵消費的一系列政策措施，增加城鄉居民特別是低收入群眾收入，消費規模持續擴大，結構不斷升級。實施兩年新增４萬億元的投資計劃，其中，新增中央投資1.18萬億元。保障性安居工程、農村民生工程和社會事業投資占43.7%，自主創新、結構調整、節能減排和生態建設占15.3%，重大基礎設施建設占23.6%，災后恢復重建占14.8%。政府投資引導帶動社會投資，國內需求大幅增加，有效彌補外需缺口，較短時間內扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢，在世界率先實現回升向好，既戰勝了特殊困難、有力地保障和改善了民生，又為長遠發展奠定了堅實基礎。
1. Strengthening and improving macro-control, and spurring steady and rapid economic development
We paid close attention to the orientation, focus and strength of macro-control and kept a firm grasp on the initiative in our economic work. In the early stages of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we adopted correct policies and measures to address overheated investment growth, the excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity, and structural and imported inflation; effectively prevented emerging problems from evolving into trends; and prevented problems in any one area from becoming general problems. In the last two years, we responded coolly to the impact of the global financial crisis - a crisis of a severity seldom seen in the last century, made decisions scientifically and resolutely followed a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy.
We steadfastly implemented a multi-point plan, greatly increased government spending and made structural tax reductions, carried out the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries on a large scale, vigorously promoted innovation and increased support for work in science and technology, and substantially increased social security benefits. We steadfastly followed a strategy of expanding domestic demand; adopted policies and measures to encourage consumer spending; and increased urban and rural incomes, particularly for low-income people. As a result, consumer spending grew steadily and its structure constantly improved. We carried out a two-year investment plan to increase spending by 4 trillion yuan, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government. Of this amount, 43.7% was invested in low-income housing projects, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs; 15.3% in innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions and ecological improvement; 23.6% in major infrastructure projects; and 14.8% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.
Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand. This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again. In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.
（二）毫不放松地做好“三農”工作，鞏固和加強農業基礎。
中央財政“三農”投入累計近3萬億元，年均增幅超過23%。徹底取消農業稅和各種收費，結束了農民種田交稅的歷史，每年減輕農民負擔超過1335億元。建立種糧農民補貼制度和主產區利益補償機制，農民的生產補貼資金去年達到1226億元。對重點糧食品種實行最低收購價和臨時收儲政策，小麥、稻谷最低收購價提高了25%到40%。嚴格保護耕地。著力推進農業科技進步。糧食產量屢創歷史新高，去年達到54641萬噸，連續7年增產；農民人均純收入達到5919元，實現持續較快增長。農村綜合改革穩步推進，集體林權制度改革、國有農場管理體制改革全面推開。農業農村基礎設施加快建設，完成7356座大中型和重點小型水庫除險加固，解決2.15億農村人口飲水安全問題，農民的日子越過越好，農村發展進入一個新時代。
2. Striving to do our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the agricultural foundation
Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas, and farmers totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan and grew at an average annual rate of more than 23%. Agricultural tax and various government charges were totally abolished, thereby ending the history of farmers paying taxes on the crops they grow and easing their annual burden by more than 133.5 billion yuan. We set up a subsidy system for grain growers and a benefit subsidy system for major growing areas, and paid out 122.6 billion yuan in production subsidies to grain growers last year. Minimum purchase prices and temporary purchase and storage policies were put in place for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice were raised by between 25% and 40%.
We rigorously safeguarded arable land. We worked hard to make advances in agricultural science and technology. New record highs were set for grain production, which reached 5.4641 trillion tons last year, the seventh consecutive yearly increase. The per capita net income of farmers continued to grow rapidly and reached 5,919 yuan. We made steady progress with comprehensive reforms in the countryside and fully implemented the reform of tenure in collective forests and the system for managing state-owned farms. We accelerated agricultural and rural infrastructure development. We finished reinforcing 7,356 large and medium-sized reservoirs and key small reservoirs and ensured the safety of drinking water for 215 million rural residents. Farmers' lives constantly improved and rural development entered a new era.
（三）大力推進經濟結構調整，提高經濟增長質量和效益。
一是加快產業結構調整和自主創新。積極推進企業技術改造和兼并重組，工業特別是裝備制造業總體水平和競爭力明顯提高。戰略性新興產業迅速成長。加快建設國家創新體系，實施知識創新工程和技術創新工程，突破了一批產業發展急需的前沿技術、核心技術和關鍵裝備技術，一大批科研成果實現了產業化。服務業快速發展，在國內生產總值中占比提高2.5個百分點。基礎設施建設明顯加快，五年建成鐵路新線1.6萬公里，新增公路63.9萬公里，其中高速公路3.3萬公里，新建、改擴建機場33個，新建和加固堤防1.7萬公里。
二是扎實推進節能減排、生態建設和環境保護。提出到2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目標和政策措施，制定實施節能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發展清潔能源，新增發電裝機容量4.45億千瓦，其中水電9601萬千瓦、核電384萬千瓦。關停小火電機組7210萬千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產能。推進林業重點生態工程建設，完成造林2529萬公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬平方公里，加強重點流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業“三廢”治理。大力發展循環經濟。五年累計，單位國內生產總值能耗下降19.1%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。
三是促進區域經濟協調發展。落實區域發展總體戰略，頒布實施全國主體功能區規劃，制定西部大開發新十年指導意見和一系列區域發展規劃，推出促進西藏和四省藏區、新疆等民族地區跨越式發展的新舉措。中西部和東北地區發展加快，經濟增速等主要指標超過全國平均水平；東部地區經濟結構不斷優化，自主創新和競爭力逐步提高；地區間基本公共服務差距趨于縮小，各具特色的區域發展格局初步形成。
3. Strongly promoting economic restructuring and improving the quality and performance of economic growth
First, we accelerated industrial restructuring and innovation. We vigorously carried out technological upgrading in enterprises and enterprise mergers and reorganizations, which noticeably raised the overall level and competitiveness of Chinese industries, particularly equipment manufacturing. Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly. We accelerated the development of the national innovation system; carried out knowledge innovation projects and technology innovation projects; and made breakthroughs in urgently needed cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies. A large number of research results have been applied in industrial production. The service industry developed quickly and the proportion it contributes to GDP rose by 2.5 percentage points. We greatly accelerated infrastructure development. We expanded the railway system by 16,000 km over the past five years and the road system by 639,000 km, including 33,000 km of expressways. We built, improved or expanded 33 airports and built or reinforced 17,000 km of dykes.
Second, we made genuine progress in energy conservation, emissions reduction, ecological improvement and environmental protection. We formulated policies, measures and national objectives for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and drew up a comprehensive work plan for conserving energy and reducing emissions. We vigorously developed clean energy. New power generating units with a capacity of 445 million kW were put on line, including hydropower plants with 96.01 million kW capacity and nuclear power plants with 3.84 million kW capacity. We decommissioned small thermal power plants with a capacity of 72.1 million kW and eliminated a number of outdated coal, steel, cement and coke production facilities. We made progress on key ecological forestry projects, and afforested a total of 25.29 million hectares. We applied a combination of approaches to control soil erosion on 230,000 km2 of land, and strengthened efforts to control water and air pollution in key watersheds, prevent and control air pollution and control industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues. We strongly promoted the development of the circular economy. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 19.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 12.45% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 14.29%.
Third, we worked to balance regional economic development. We implemented a master strategy for regional development, issued and implemented the national plan for development priority zones; formulated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans; and introduced new measures to stimulate development by leaps and bounds in Tibet, Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas. Development accelerated in the central and western regions and northeast China, and their economic growth rates and other main economic indicators were higher than the national average. The economic structure of the eastern region constantly improved, and its innovativeness and competitiveness gradually increased. Discrepancies in levels of basic public services among regions were decreasing, and the development of each region was taking on unique characteristics.
（來源：新華網 編輯：崔旭燕）
