三、2011年的工作綜述
III. Work for 2011
2011年，是“十二五”開局之年，做好今年的工作對于完成“十二五”各項目標任務至關重要。過去一年，我們的各項工作取得了很大成績。國內生產總值增長10.3%，居民消費價格漲幅控制在3.3%，城鎮新增就業1168萬人，國際收支狀況有所改善。這為做好今年的工作打下了良好基礎。
The year 2011 is the first year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and it is pivotal for us to do a good job this year in order to accomplish all the tasks and objectives set forth in the plan. Last year, we achieved significant results in all our work. GDP rose by 10.3%; the increase in the CPI was held in check at 3.3%; 11.68 million new urban jobs were created; and the balance of payments situation improved. All of this laid a good foundation for our work this year.
今年，我國發展面臨的形勢仍然極其復雜。世界經濟將繼續緩慢復蘇，但復蘇的基礎不牢。發達經濟體經濟增長乏力，失業率居高難下，一些國家主權債務危機隱患仍未消除，主要發達經濟體進一步推行寬松貨幣政策，全球流動性大量增加，國際大宗商品價格和主要貨幣匯率加劇波動，新興市場資產泡沫和通脹壓力加大，保護主義繼續升溫，國際市場競爭更加激烈，不穩定不確定因素仍然較多。我國經濟運行中一些長期問題和短期問題相互交織，體制性矛盾和結構性問題疊加在一起，加大了宏觀調控難度。我們要準確判斷形勢，保持清醒頭腦，增強憂患意識，做好應對風險的準備。
This year, our country still faces an extremely complex situation for development. The world economy will continue to recover slowly, but the foundation for recovery is not solid. Economic growth in developed economies is weak, their unemployment rates are and will remain high, and some countries are still under the threat of their sovereign debt crises. Major developed economies have further eased monetary policies, global liquidity has increased greatly, the prices of major commodities and the exchange rates of major currencies have become more volatile in the international market, asset bubbles and inflationary pressure have grown in emerging markets, protectionism continues to heat up, competition in the international market is becoming more intense, and there are still many unstable and uncertain factors. Some long-term and short-term problems in our country's economic activities are intertwined, and institutional incongruities and structural problems are stacked up together, making our macro-control more difficult. We need to correctly judge the situation, keep our heads clear, be more mindful of potential dangers, and be prepared to respond to risks.
今年國民經濟和社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長8%左右；經濟結構進一步優化；居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4%左右；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.6%以內；國際收支狀況繼續改善。總的考慮是，為轉變經濟發展方式創造良好環境，引導各方面把工作著力點放在加快經濟結構調整、提高發展質量和效益上，放在增加就業、改善民生、促進社會和諧上。
The major targets for this year's national economic and social development are as follows: to increase GDP by around 8%, further optimize the economic structure, keep the CPI increase around 4%, create more than nine million new urban jobs, keep the registered urban unemployment rate at 4.6% or lower, and continue to improve the balance of payments situation. Our main purpose is to create a good environment for transforming the pattern of economic development, and to guide all sectors to focus their work on accelerating economic restructuring and raising the quality and results of development as well as on increasing employment, improving the people's wellbeing and promoting social harmony.
實現上述目標，要保持宏觀經濟政策的連續性、穩定性，提高針對性、靈活性、有效性，處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構、管理通脹預期的關系，更加注重穩定物價總水平，防止經濟出現大的波動。
To achieve the above targets, we need to maintain continuity and stability in our macroeconomic policies; make them more targeted, flexible and effective; correctly strike a balance between maintaining steady yet rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations; pay more attention to maintaining overall price stability; and prevent large economic fluctuations.
繼續實施積極的財政政策。保持適當的財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字9000億元，其中中央財政赤字7000億元，繼續代地方發債2000億元并納入地方預算，赤字規模比上年預算減少1500億元，赤字率下降到2%左右。要著力優化財政支出結構，增加“三農”、欠發達地區、民生、社會事業、結構調整、科技創新等重點支出；壓縮一般性支出，嚴格控制黨政機關辦公樓等樓堂館所建設，出國（境）經費、車輛購置及運行費、公務接待費等支出原則上零增長，切實降低行政成本。繼續實行結構性減稅。依法加強稅收征管。對地方政府性債務進行全面審計，實施全口徑監管，研究建立規范的地方政府舉債融資機制。
We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy. We will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels. This year, we are projecting a deficit of 900 billion yuan, which consists of a 700 billion yuan central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets. This deficit is 150 billion yuan less than budgeted last year, and the deficit will decrease to around 2% of GDP. We need to focus on optimizing the structure of expenditures. We need to increase expenditures in key areas, such as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; underdeveloped areas; the people wellbeing; social programs; restructuring; and scientific and technological innovation.
We need to decrease ordinary expenditures; strictly control expenditures of Party and government bodies on office buildings and other facilities; keep the budgets for travel abroad, the purchase and operating costs of motor vehicles, and official entertainment at their present level in principle without any increase; and genuinely decrease administrative costs. We will continue to implement structural tax reductions. We will strengthen tax collection and administration in accordance with the law. We will comprehensively audit local government debt, carry out complete oversight and control, and establish a standardized financing mechanism for local governments to borrow money.
實施穩健的貨幣政策。保持合理的社會融資規模，廣義貨幣增長目標為16%。健全宏觀審慎政策框架，綜合運用價格和數量工具，提高貨幣政策有效性。提高直接融資比重，發揮好股票、債券、產業基金等融資工具的作用，更好地滿足多樣化投融資需求。著力優化信貸結構，引導商業銀行加大對重點領域和薄弱環節的信貸支持，嚴格控制對“兩高”行業和產能過剩行業貸款。進一步完善人民幣匯率形成機制。密切監控跨境資本流動，防范“熱錢”流入。加強儲備資產的投資和風險管理，提高投資收益。
We will implement a prudent monetary policy. We will keep financing from all sources at an appropriate level, and we have set a target of a 16% increase in the broad money supply (M2). We will improve our policy framework for comprehensively exercising caution and utilize the tools of prices and quantity in an integrated manner to make our monetary policy more effective. We will increase the proportion of direct financing, and make full use of financing tools such as stocks, bonds and private equities to better satisfy the diverse demands for investment and financing.
We will strive to optimize the credit structure, guide commercial banks to increase credit support to key areas and weak links, and strictly control loans to industries that consume large quantities of energy and resources, are highly polluting or have excess capacity. We will further improve the mechanism for setting RMB exchange rates. We will closely monitor and control cross-border capital flows and prevent the influx of hot money. We will strengthen investment management and risk management over our foreign exchange reserves and increase the returns on our investments.
（來源：新華網 編輯：崔旭燕）
