（六）加強(qiáng)社會(huì)建設(shè)和保障改善民生
6. Strengthening social development and ensuring and improving the wellbeing of the people
經(jīng)濟(jì)越發(fā)展，越要重視加強(qiáng)社會(huì)建設(shè)和保障改善民生。
The more the economy develops, the more attention we need to pay to strengthening social development and ensuring and improving people's wellbeing.
千方百計(jì)擴(kuò)大就業(yè)。繼續(xù)實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。今年中央財(cái)政擬投入423億元，用于扶助和促進(jìn)就業(yè)。要適應(yīng)我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，大力發(fā)展勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)、小型微型企業(yè)和創(chuàng)新型科技企業(yè)，努力滿足不同層次的就業(yè)需求。繼續(xù)把高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)放在首位，做好重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)工作。加強(qiáng)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，鼓勵(lì)自主創(chuàng)業(yè)。加強(qiáng)公共就業(yè)服務(wù)，健全統(tǒng)一規(guī)范靈活的人力資源市場(chǎng)。加快就業(yè)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)全國(guó)互聯(lián)互通。加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)保障監(jiān)察執(zhí)法，完善勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議處理機(jī)制，依法維護(hù)勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益，構(gòu)建和諧勞動(dòng)關(guān)系。
We will do everything in our power to expand employment. We will continue to implement a more proactive employment policy. This year the central government plans to invest 42.3 billion yuan to assist and promote employment. In light of the workforce structure in China, we will energetically develop labor-intensive industries, service industries, small and micro-businesses and innovative high-tech enterprises, and strive to satisfy the employment needs of different groups of people. We will continue to give top priority to the employment of university graduates and key groups.
We will strengthen vocational training and encourage people to start their own businesses. We will strengthen public services for employment, and improve the unified, standardized and flexible human resources market. We will more quickly develop job information networks and achieve nationwide connectivity. We will strengthen the supervision and enforcement of labor safeguards, improve mechanisms for resolving labor disputes, safeguard the rights and interests of workers in accordance with the law, and build harmonious labor relations.
合理調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系。這既是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期任務(wù)，也是當(dāng)前的緊迫工作。今年重點(diǎn)采取三方面措施：一是著力提高城鄉(xiāng)低收入群眾的基本收入。穩(wěn)步提高職工最低工資、企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金和城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。建立健全職工工資正常增長(zhǎng)機(jī)制，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行最低工資制度。二是加大收入分配調(diào)節(jié)力度。提高個(gè)人所得稅工薪所得費(fèi)用扣除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，合理調(diào)整稅率結(jié)構(gòu)，切實(shí)減輕中低收入者稅收負(fù)擔(dān)。有效調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)高收入，加強(qiáng)對(duì)收入過(guò)高行業(yè)工資總額和工資水平的雙重調(diào)控，嚴(yán)格規(guī)范國(guó)有企業(yè)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)高管人員薪酬管理。三是大力整頓和規(guī)范收入分配秩序。堅(jiān)決取締非法收入。加快建立收入分配監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)持續(xù)不斷的努力，盡快扭轉(zhuǎn)收入分配差距擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)，努力使廣大人民群眾更多分享改革發(fā)展成果。
We will adjust income distribution in a reasonable manner. This is both a long-term task, and an urgent issue we need to address now. This year we will concentrate on the following three measures.
First, we will focus on increasing the basic incomes of low-income people in both urban and rural areas. We will steadily increase the minimum wage of workers, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents. We will establish a sound mechanism of regular pay raises for workers and strictly enforce the minimum wage system.
Second, we will put more effort into adjusting income distribution. We will raise the individual income tax threshold on salaries, reasonably adjust the tax rate structure, and genuinely reduce the tax burden on low- and middle-income people. We will effectively regulate excessively high incomes, strengthen the dual controls on total wages and wage scales in industries in which incomes are excessively high, and strictly standardize the management of executive pay and bonuses in SOEs and financial institutions.
Third, we will vigorously overhaul and standardize income distribution. We will resolutely prohibit illicit income. We will quickly establish a system for monitoring income distribution. Through unremitting efforts, we will reverse the trend of a widening income gap as soon as possible and ensure that the people share more in the fruits of reform and development.
加快健全覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會(huì)保障體系。將新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到全國(guó)40%的縣。推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，解決集體企業(yè)退休人員養(yǎng)老保障的歷史遺留問(wèn)題，建立企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金正常調(diào)整機(jī)制。積極推進(jìn)機(jī)關(guān)和事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度改革。將國(guó)有企業(yè)、集體企業(yè)“老工傷”人員納入工傷保險(xiǎn)制度。完善城鄉(xiāng)低保制度。繼續(xù)多渠道增加社會(huì)保障基金。將孤兒養(yǎng)育、教育和殘疾孤兒康復(fù)等納入財(cái)政保障范圍。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)殘疾人社會(huì)保障體系和服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。加快推進(jìn)社會(huì)保障管理信息化。發(fā)揮商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)在完善社會(huì)保障體系中的作用。大力發(fā)展慈善事業(yè)。
We will accelerate the improvement of the social security system that covers both urban and rural residents. We will extend the pilot project for the new type of old-age insurance for rural residents to 40% of counties. We will move forward with the trials of old-age insurance for urban residents, solve longstanding problems concerning pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises, and put in place a mechanism to regularly adjust the basic pensions of enterprise retirees. We will actively press ahead with the reform of the old-age insurance system for government agencies and institutions. We will include employees of SOEs and collectively owned enterprises who suffer from old work-related injuries in the workers' compensation system. We will improve the subsistence allowance system for both urban and rural residents. We will continue to enlarge the pool of social security funds through multiple channels. Funding for raising and educating orphans and rehabilitating orphans with disabilities will be provided for in the government budget. We will continue to push forward the development of a social security system and a service system for people with disabilities. We will speed up the informationization of social security management. We will get commercial insurance to play a role in improving the social security system. We will also vigorously develop charity programs.
堅(jiān)定不移地搞好房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控。加快健全房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，重點(diǎn)解決城鎮(zhèn)中低收入家庭住房困難，切實(shí)穩(wěn)定房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格，滿足居民合理住房需求。一是進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大保障性住房建設(shè)規(guī)模。今年要再開(kāi)工建設(shè)保障性住房、棚戶區(qū)改造住房共1000萬(wàn)套，改造農(nóng)村危房150萬(wàn)戶。重點(diǎn)發(fā)展公共租賃住房。中央財(cái)政預(yù)算擬安排補(bǔ)助資金1030億元，比上年增加265億元。各級(jí)政府要多渠道籌集資金，大幅度增加投入。抓緊建立保障性住房使用、運(yùn)營(yíng)、退出等管理制度，提高透明度，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)監(jiān)督，保證符合條件的家庭受益。二是進(jìn)一步落實(shí)和完善房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控政策，堅(jiān)決遏制部分城市房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)快上漲勢(shì)頭。制定并向社會(huì)公布年度住房建設(shè)計(jì)劃，在新增建設(shè)用地計(jì)劃中，單列保障性住房用地，做到應(yīng)保盡保。重點(diǎn)增加中小套型普通商品住房建設(shè)。規(guī)范發(fā)展住房租賃市場(chǎng)。嚴(yán)格落實(shí)差別化住房信貸、稅收政策，調(diào)整完善房地產(chǎn)相關(guān)稅收政策，加強(qiáng)稅收征管，有效遏制投機(jī)投資性購(gòu)房。加強(qiáng)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)和市場(chǎng)行為監(jiān)管，嚴(yán)厲查處各類違法違規(guī)行為。三是建立健全考核問(wèn)責(zé)機(jī)制。穩(wěn)定房?jī)r(jià)和住房保障工作實(shí)行省級(jí)人民政府負(fù)總責(zé)，市縣人民政府負(fù)直接責(zé)任。有關(guān)部門要加快完善巡查、考評(píng)、約談和問(wèn)責(zé)制度，對(duì)穩(wěn)定房?jī)r(jià)、推進(jìn)保障性住房建設(shè)工作不力，從而影響社會(huì)發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定的地方，要追究責(zé)任。
We will resolutely regulate the real estate market. We will act more quickly to improve the long-term mechanisms for regulating the real estate market, focus on solving housing difficulties for low- and middle-income families in urban areas, genuinely stabilize housing prices and meet the reasonable demands of residents for housing.
First, we will build more low-income housing. This year, the total number of units of new low-income housing and units in run-down areas that will undergo renovation will reach 10 million, and 1.5 million dilapidated rural houses will be renovated. We will give priority to developing public rental housing. The central government is allocating 103 billion yuan in this year's budget for subsidies to support this work, an increase of 26.5 billion yuan over last year. Governments at all levels need to raise funds through various channels and substantially increase spending in these areas. We will promptly establish an administrative system for the use, operation and return of low-income housing; increase transparency; and strengthen public oversight to ensure that eligible families benefit from low-income housing.
Second, we will further implement and improve policies for regulating the real estate market and firmly curb the excessively rapid rise of housing prices in some cities. We will formulate and announce an annual housing development plan, designate sites for building low-income housing in the plan for new construction sites, and make sure that all designated sites are used to develop low-income housing. Emphasis will be placed on building more ordinary small and medium-sized commodity housing units. We will standardize and develop the housing rental market. We will strictly implement differentiated housing credit and tax policies, adjust and improve tax policies on real estate, tighten tax collection and administration, and effectively curb the purchase of homes for speculation or investment purposes. We will strengthen monitoring of the real estate market and oversight of market behavior, and strictly deal with all violations of laws and regulations.
Third, we will establish sound evaluation and accountability mechanisms. Provincial governments have general responsibility and municipal and county governments have direct responsibility for stabilizing housing prices and guaranteeing the availability of low-income housing. Relevant government authorities need to more quickly improve inspection, appraisal, admonition and accountability systems. Localities that put insufficient effort into stabilizing house prices and promoting the construction of low-income housing and thereby affect social development and stability will be held accountable.
推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。今年是醫(yī)改三年實(shí)施方案的攻堅(jiān)年，要確保完成各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)。一是在基層全面實(shí)施國(guó)家基本藥物制度。建立完善基本藥物保障供應(yīng)體系，加強(qiáng)藥品監(jiān)管，確保用藥安全，切實(shí)降低藥價(jià)。二是抓好公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)。鼓勵(lì)各地在醫(yī)院管理體制、醫(yī)療服務(wù)價(jià)格形成機(jī)制和監(jiān)管機(jī)制等方面大膽探索。完善醫(yī)療糾紛調(diào)處機(jī)制，改善醫(yī)患關(guān)系。三是提高基本醫(yī)療保障水平。穩(wěn)定提高城鎮(zhèn)職工、居民醫(yī)保參保率和新農(nóng)合參合率。今年要把新農(nóng)合和城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保財(cái)政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到200元。四是完成農(nóng)村三級(jí)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和城市社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)任務(wù)。今年全國(guó)人均基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到25元。加強(qiáng)重大傳染病、慢性病、職業(yè)病、地方病和精神疾病的預(yù)防控制和規(guī)范管理。加強(qiáng)婦幼保健工作，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費(fèi)檢查和救治保障試點(diǎn)。認(rèn)真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè)，落實(shí)各項(xiàng)扶持政策。五是鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本舉辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。放寬社會(huì)資本和外資舉辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)入范圍。完善和推進(jìn)醫(yī)生多點(diǎn)執(zhí)業(yè)制度，鼓勵(lì)醫(yī)生在各類醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)之間合理流動(dòng)和在基層開(kāi)設(shè)診所，為人民群眾提供便捷的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。
We will press forward with the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields. This year will be crucial for implementing the three-year plan for reforming the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and we need to ensure that all targets are met.
First, we will fully implement the national system for basic drugs at the primary level. We will put in place a sound system to guarantee supplies of basic drugs, strengthen drug oversight, ensure drug safety and genuinely cut drug prices.
Second, we will do a good job in the pilot projects for reforming public hospitals. We will encourage all localities to make bold explorations concerning hospital management systems, the mechanism for setting prices for medical services and oversight mechanisms. We will improve the mechanism for settling medical disputes, and improve relations between hospitals and patients.
Third, we will raise the level of basic medical insurance. We will steadily cover more working and non-working urban residents under the medical insurance system and more farmers under the new rural cooperative medical care system. This year, government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and medical insurance for non-working urban residents will be increased to 200 yuan per person.
Fourth, we will complete the construction of the three-tiered county, township and village health service network in rural areas and community-based health service agencies in cities. We will increase government expenditures on basic public health services to an average of 25 yuan per person this year. We will strengthen the prevention, control and standardized management of major communicable diseases as well as chronic, occupational, endemic and mental illnesses. We will strengthen work concerning maternity and child health, and continue the trials of conducting free cervical cancer and breast cancer screenings for women and providing necessary medical treatment to those suffering from these diseases. We will conscientiously do the work of preventing and controlling HIV/AIDS. We will vigorously develop traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine and implement supporting policies.
Fifth, we will encourage nongovernmental investors to establish medical institutions. We will expand market access for nongovernmental and foreign investors looking to establish medical institutions. We will improve and advance the system whereby doctors are allowed to work in more than one practice, encourage the reasonable flow of doctors between all types of medical institutions, and encourage them to set up community-level clinics in order to provide convenient medical and health services for the masses.
全面做好人口和計(jì)劃生育工作。繼續(xù)穩(wěn)定低生育水平。做好流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育服務(wù)管理工作。加強(qiáng)出生缺陷干預(yù)，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大免費(fèi)孕前優(yōu)生健康檢查試點(diǎn)，做好孕產(chǎn)婦和嬰幼兒保健工作。農(nóng)村婦女住院分娩率達(dá)到95%以上。實(shí)施新一輪婦女兒童發(fā)展綱要，切實(shí)保護(hù)婦女和未成年人權(quán)益。加快建立健全老年人社會(huì)服務(wù)體系，加強(qiáng)公益性養(yǎng)老服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)。
We will comprehensively carry out population and family planning. We will keep the birthrate low. We will do a good job of providing family planning services to and managing the floating population. We will strengthen efforts to prevent birth defects, further expand the pilot projects of free pre-pregnancy checkups, and do a good job ensuring the health of pregnant and post-natal women, infants and preschool children. The rate of hospital deliveries is expected to exceed 95% for women in rural areas. We will implement a new round of the Program for the Development of Women and Children and effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors. We will accelerate the establishment of a sound social services system for the elderly and intensify the development of nonprofit old-age service facilities.
加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理。強(qiáng)化政府社會(huì)管理職能，廣泛動(dòng)員和組織群眾依法參與社會(huì)管理，發(fā)揮社會(huì)組織的積極作用，完善社會(huì)管理格局。以城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)為載體，以居民需求為導(dǎo)向，整合人口、就業(yè)、社保、民政、衛(wèi)生、文化等社會(huì)管理職能和服務(wù)資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)政府行政管理與基層群眾自治有效銜接和良性互動(dòng)。加快建立健全維護(hù)群眾權(quán)益機(jī)制、行政決策風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估和糾錯(cuò)機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)信訪、人民調(diào)解、行政調(diào)解、司法調(diào)解工作，拓寬社情民意表達(dá)渠道，切實(shí)解決亂占耕地、違法拆遷等群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的問(wèn)題。加強(qiáng)和完善公共安全體系。健全突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急體制，提高全社會(huì)危機(jī)管理和抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力。加強(qiáng)信息安全和保密工作，完善信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理。加強(qiáng)社會(huì)治安綜合治理，嚴(yán)密防范、依法打擊各類違法犯罪活動(dòng)。落實(shí)企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量主體責(zé)任，堅(jiān)決遏制重特大安全生產(chǎn)事故。完善食品安全監(jiān)管體制機(jī)制，健全法制，嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估、檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)體系，強(qiáng)化地方政府監(jiān)管責(zé)任，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管執(zhí)法，全面提高食品安全保障水平。
We will strengthen and make innovations in social administration. We will strengthen the government's social administration functions, extensively mobilize and organize the masses to participate in social administration in accordance with the law, make use of the positive role of social groups, and improve the structure of social administration. With urban and rural communities as the channel and public demand as our guide, we will integrate social administration functions and service resources in the areas of population, employment, social security, civil administration, public health, and culture, and establish effective connections and positive interactions between government administration and primary-level self-governance.
We will accelerate the establishment of sound mechanisms for safeguarding people's rights and interests, and for evaluating the risks of administrative decisions and correcting wrong decisions. We will strengthen the work related to the handling of petitioners' letters and visits and step up people's, administrative and legal mediations; expand the channels for people to report on social conditions and popular sentiment; and effectively solve problems that cause great resentment among the masses, such as unauthorized expropriations of arable land and illegal demolitions of houses. We will strengthen and improve the system of public security. We will improve the contingency response system, and enhance society's capacity to manage crises and withstand risks.
We will intensify our information security and secrecy, and improve management of information networks. We will improve all facets of public security, and be on high alert for and crack down on all kinds of crime in accordance with the law. We will get enterprises to assume primary responsibility for workplace safety and product quality, and resolutely curb major workplace accidents. We will improve oversight systems and mechanisms for food safety; improve relevant laws and regulations; strictly enforce standards; improve monitoring, evaluation, inspection and testing systems; make local governments assume more oversight responsibility; strengthen oversight and law enforcement; and comprehensively raise our capacity to ensure food safety.
各級(jí)政府一定要把社會(huì)管理和公共服務(wù)擺到更加重要的位置，切實(shí)解決人民群眾最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問(wèn)題。
Governments at all levels must pay more attention to social administration and public services and effectively solve the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.
（來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng) 編輯：崔旭燕）
