（四）加快推進經濟結構戰略性調整
4. Accelerating strategic economic restructuring
這是轉變經濟發展方式的主攻方向。要推動經濟盡快走上內生增長、創新驅動的軌道。
This is the major goal of transforming the pattern of economic development. China's economy needs to be quickly put on the path of endogenous growth driven by innovation.
調整優化產業結構。加快構建現代產業體系，推動產業轉型升級。一是改造提升制造業。加大企業技術改造力度，重點增強新產品開發能力和品牌創建能力，提高能源資源綜合利用水平、技術工藝系統集成水平，提高產品質量、技術含量和附加值。推動重點行業企業跨地區兼并重組。完善落后產能退出機制和配套政策。二是加快培育發展戰略性新興產業。積極發展新一代信息技術產業，建設高性能寬帶信息網，加快實現“三網融合”，促進物聯網示范應用。大力推動節能環保、新能源、生物、高端裝備制造、新材料、新能源汽車等產業發展。要抓緊制定標準，完善政策，加強創新能力建設，發揮科技型中小企業作用，促進戰略性新興產業健康發展，加快形成生產能力和核心競爭力。三是大力發展服務業。加快發展生產性服務業，積極發展生活性服務業。大力發展和提升軟件產業。著力營造有利于服務業發展的市場環境，加快完善促進服務業發展的政策體系。盡快實現鼓勵類服務業用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業基本同價。四是加強現代能源產業和綜合運輸體系建設。積極推動能源生產和利用方式變革，提高能源利用效率。推進傳統能源清潔利用，加強智能電網建設，大力發展清潔能源。統籌發展、加快構建便捷、安全、經濟、高效的綜合運輸體系。堅持陸海統籌，推進海洋經濟發展。
We will adjust and optimize the industrial structure. We will quicken the establishment of a modern industrial system and give impetus to industrial transformation and upgrading.
First, we will transform and upgrade manufacturing industries. We will intensify technological upgrading in enterprises, with the focus on becoming better able to develop new products and build brand names; utilize energy and resources more comprehensively; increase the integration of technological and process systems; and raise the quality, technological content and value-added of products. We will encourage enterprises in key industries to enter into trans-regional acquisitions and reorganizations. We will improve the exit mechanism and accompanying policies for outdated production capacity.
Second, we will accelerate the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries. We will vigorously develop the next-generation IT industry; build a high-performance broadband information network; accelerate the integration of the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet; and promote demonstrations on how to use the Internet of Things. We will energetically give impetus to the development of industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection, new energy, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new materials and new energy vehicles. We need to promptly formulate standards, improve policies, enhance innovation capabilities, get small and medium-sized high-tech companies to play their role, and foster the healthy development of strategic emerging industries so they more quickly build their production capacity and core competitiveness.
Third, we will vigorously develop service industries. We will accelerate the development of producer services and actively develop consumer services. We will make every effort to develop and upgrade the software industry. We will strive to create a market environment that is conducive to the development of service industries, and quickly improve the policy system for stimulating their development. We will make the prices of power, water, gas and heating basically the same for both service industries encouraged by the state and the industrial sector as quickly as possible.
Fourth, we will strengthen the modern energy industry and the comprehensive transport system. We will actively promote changes in the way energy is produced and used and raise energy efficiency. We will give impetus to the clean use of traditional energy sources, intensify the construction of smart power grids, and vigorously develop clean energy. We will coordinate the development and accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transport system that is convenient, safe, cost-effective and highly efficient. We will steadfastly make coordinated development plans for land and sea and advance the development of the marine economy.
促進區域協調發展。全面落實各項區域發展規劃。堅持把實施西部大開發戰略放在區域發展總體戰略的優先位置，認真落實西部大開發新十年的政策措施和促進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展的各項舉措。全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，繼續推進資源型城市轉型。大力促進中部地區崛起，進一步發揮承東啟西的區位優勢。積極支持東部地區率先發展，在體制機制創新和發展方式轉變上走在全國前列。更好發揮深圳等經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區在改革開放中先行先試的作用。加大力度支持革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區發展，頒布實施2011-2020年中國農村扶貧開發綱要，啟動集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧開發攻堅工程，加快貧困地區脫貧致富步伐。
We will promote balanced development between regions. We will fully implement all regional development plans. In implementing the master strategy of regional development, we will steadfastly give high priority to the strategy of large-scale development of the western region, and earnestly implement the policies and measures for the new ten-year period of the large-scale development of the western region and all the measures to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang. We will fully revitalize old industrial bases such as northeast China and continue to transform resource-dependent cities. We will vigorously foster the rise of the central region and make greater use of its geographical advantage of linking the eastern and western regions.
We will actively support the eastern region in taking the lead in development, and leading the country in making innovations in systems and mechanisms and transforming the pattern of development. We will get Shenzhen and other special economic zones, Pudong New Area in Shanghai and Binhai New Area in Tianjin to better play a leading and exploratory role in reform and opening up. We will give greater support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas and border areas, promulgate and implement the 2011-2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program, launch the project to alleviate poverty through development in contiguous areas with particular difficulties, and lift impoverished areas out of poverty more quickly.
積極穩妥推進城鎮化。堅持走中國特色城鎮化道路，遵循城市發展規律，促進城鎮化健康發展。堅持科學規劃，嚴格管理。加強城市基礎設施和公共服務設施建設，增強城鎮綜合承載能力，提高管理和服務水平。因地制宜，分步推進，把有穩定勞動關系并在城鎮居住一定年限的農民工，逐步轉為城鎮居民。對暫不具備落戶條件的農民工，要解決好他們在勞動報酬、子女就學、公共衛生、住房租賃、社會保障等方面的實際問題。要充分尊重農民在進城和留鄉問題上的自主選擇權，切實保護農民承包地、宅基地等合法權益。城鎮化要同農業現代化和新農村建設相互促進，這是必須堅持的正確方向。
We will actively yet prudently move forward with urbanization. We will adhere to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, abide by the principles of urban development and foster the sound development of urbanization. We will adhere to scientific planning and strict management. We will strengthen urban infrastructure and public service facilities, increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns, and raise the level of urban management and services. We will gradually make sure that rural migrant workers who have stable jobs and have lived in cities or towns for a number of years are registered as urban residents in line with local conditions and in a step-by-step manner.
We need to help rural migrant workers who do not currently qualify as urban residents to resolve practical difficulties such as remuneration, schooling for their children, public health, renting homes, and social security. We need to fully respect the right of farmers to independently choose whether to seek jobs in cities or stay in their home villages, and genuinely protect their legitimate rights and interests concerning land they contract to work and the land on which their homes sit. We must steadfastly adhere to the correct orientation of ensuring that urbanization together with agricultural modernization and the building of a new countryside are mutually reinforcing.
加強節能環保和生態建設，積極應對氣候變化。突出抓好工業、建筑、交通運輸、公共機構等領域節能。繼續實施重點節能工程。大力開展工業節能，推廣節能技術，運用節能設備，提高能源利用效率。加大既有建筑節能改造投入，積極推進新建建筑節能。大力發展循環經濟。推進低碳城市試點。加強適應氣候變化特別是應對極端氣候事件能力建設。建立完善溫室氣體排放和節能減排統計監測制度。加快城鎮污水管網、垃圾處理設施的規劃和建設，推廣污水處理回用。加強化學品環境管理。啟動燃煤電廠脫硝工作，深化顆粒物污染防治。加強海洋污染治理。加快重點流域水污染治理、大氣污染治理、重點地區重金屬污染治理和農村環境綜合整治，控制農村面源污染。繼續實施重大生態修復工程，加強重點生態功能區保護和管理，實施天然林資源保護二期工程，落實草原生態保護補助獎勵政策，鞏固退耕還林還草、退牧還草等成果，大力開展植樹造林，加強濕地保護與恢復，推進荒漠化、石漠化綜合治理。完善防災減災應急預案，加快山洪地質災害易發區調查評價、監測預警、防治應急等體制建設。
We will strengthen energy conservation, environmental protection and ecological development, and actively respond to climate change. We will focus on conserving energy in areas such as the industrial sector, construction, transportation and public institutions. We will continue to implement key energy conservation projects. We will vigorously conserve energy in the industrial sector, popularize energy-conserving technology and equipment, and improve energy efficiency. We will invest more in improving energy conservation in existing buildings and actively promote energy conservation in new buildings. We will vigorously develop the circular economy. We will move forward with the pilot project to build low-carbon cities.
We will strengthen our capacity to adapt to climate change and respond to extreme climate events in particular. We will put in place well-equipped statistical and monitoring systems for greenhouse gas emissions, energy conservation and emissions reduction. We will accelerate the planning and building of sewer networks and garbage disposal facilities in urban areas and expand the use of recycled water. We will strengthen the environmental management of chemicals. We will start the work of denitration in coal-fired power plants and strengthen prevention and control of particles pollution; step up the treatment of marine pollution; accelerate the treatment of water pollution in key river basins, the treatment of air pollution, the treatment of heavy metal pollution in key areas and the comprehensive improvement of the rural environment; and control pollution from non-point rural sources.
We will continue to carry out major ecological restoration projects, intensify the protection and management of major functional ecological zones, implement the second phase of the project to protect natural forest resources, implement the subsidy and reward policy for grassland ecological conservation, consolidate achievements already made in turning reclaimed farmland into forests and grasslands as well as grazing land to grasslands, vigorously carry out afforestation, strengthen wetland protection and recovery, and make progress in comprehensively dealing with desertification and stony deserts. We will improve contingency plans for preventing and mitigating natural disasters, and accelerate the development of surveying and evaluation, monitoring and early warning, prevention and control, and emergency response systems in areas prone to geological disasters from mountain torrents.
（五）大力實施科教興國戰略和人才強國戰略
5. Vigorously implementing the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country through human resource development
科技、教育和人才是國家發展的基礎和根本，必須始終放在重要的戰略位置。
Science and technology, education and human resources are the foundation of national development, and they must therefore always be given an important strategic position.
堅持優先發展教育。推動教育事業科學發展，為人們提供更加多樣、更加公平、更高質量的教育。2012年財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值比重達到4%。加快發展學前教育。公辦民辦并舉，增加學前教育資源，抓緊解決“入園難”問題。促進義務教育均衡發展。加強義務教育階段學校標準化建設，公共資源配置重點向農村和城市薄弱學校傾斜。以流入地政府和公辦學校為主，切實保障農民工隨遷子女平等接受義務教育。支持民族地區教育發展，做好“雙語”教學工作。全面推進素質教育。加快教育改革，切實減輕中小學生過重課業負擔，注重引導和培養孩子們獨立思考、實踐創新能力。保證中小學生每天一小時校園體育活動。大力發展職業教育。引導高中階段學校和高等學校辦出特色，提高教育質量，增強學生就業創業能力。加強重點學科建設，加快建設一批世界一流大學。支持特殊教育發展。落實和完善國家助學制度，無論哪個教育階段，都要確保每個孩子不因家庭經濟困難而失學。
We will continue to give high priority to education. We will promote the scientific development of education programs, and provide people with more diverse, more equitable and higher-quality education. In 2012, government spending on education will reach 4% of GDP. We will speed up the development of preschool education. We will encourage both governmental and nongovernmental bodies to provide preschool educational services in order to increase resources and promptly solve problems concerning access to preschool education. We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.
We will strengthen standardization in compulsory education schools, and ensure that the allocation of public resources gives priority to rural schools and weak urban schools. Relying mainly on local governments and public schools, we will guarantee equal access to compulsory education for the children of rural migrant workers who live in cities. We will support the development of education and promote bilingual instruction in ethnic minority areas. We will comprehensively promote well-rounded education. We will accelerate education reforms; genuinely lighten the school workload of primary and secondary school students; and give high priority to guiding students and fostering their ability to think independently, solve practical problems and be innovative.
We will ensure that primary and middle school students do one hour of physical exercise in school every day. We will vigorously develop vocational education. We will guide senior secondary schools and universities to emphasize their unique features, raise the quality of their teaching, and help their students to become better able to find employment or start their own businesses. We will strengthen the development of key disciplines and accelerate the development of a number of world-class universities. We will support the development of special education. We will implement and improve the government financial aid system for students and ensure no children are obliged to discontinue schooling at any stage of education due to their family's financial difficulties.
全面加強人才工作。以高層次和高技能人才為重點，加快培養造就一大批創新型科技人才和急需緊缺人才。加大人才開發投入，推進重大人才工程。深化選人用人制度改革，努力營造平等公開、競爭擇優的制度和社會環境，激勵優秀人才脫穎而出，創造人盡其才的良好局面。
We will comprehensively strengthen human resource development. With the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel, we will more quickly foster a large number of innovative scientists and engineers and skilled workers who are urgently needed and in short supply. We will invest more in human resource development and carry out major projects to foster talented personnel. We will deepen the reform of the systems for selecting and employing personnel; strive to create an equitable, open and competitive system as well as social environment in which people are selected on their merits; encourage outstanding people to emerge; and create an environment that encourages talented people to tap their full potential.
大力推進科技創新。加快實施國家科技重大專項，突破一批核心關鍵技術，提升重大集成創新能力。加強基礎研究、前沿技術研究，增強原始創新能力。推動建立企業主導技術研發創新的體制機制。鼓勵企業共同出資開展關鍵共性技術研發，共擔風險、共享成果，對符合國家戰略方向的項目，政府要從政策和資金上給予支持。深化科技管理體制改革，促進科技資源優化配置、高效利用和開放共享。激勵科研院所、高等學校和廣大科技人員以多種形式與企業合作。保持財政科技投入穩定增長，提高科研經費使用效率。堅定不移地實施國家知識產權戰略，提升知識產權的創造、應用、保護、管理能力，激發全社會創新活力。
We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation. We will speed up the implementation of major national science and technology projects, make breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and enhance our capabilities to carry out major integrated innovation projects. We will strengthen basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies and increase our capacity for original innovation. We will give impetus to the establishment of systems and mechanisms for enterprises to take the lead in R&D and innovation. We will encourage enterprises to undertake jointly funded R&D on key generic technologies and share both risks and rewards.
The government needs to provide policy and financial support to projects in areas of national strategic interests. We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, and promote the optimal allocation, efficient use and public sharing of scientific and technological resources. We will provide incentives to research institutes, universities, scientists and engineers to encourage them to cooperate with enterprises in various ways. We will steadily increase government spending on science and technology, and improve the performance of research expenditures. We will unswervingly implement the national strategy on intellectual property rights; improve our ability to create, apply, protect and manage them; and arouse an innovative spirit throughout society.
（來源：新華網 編輯：崔旭燕）
