美國一家網站近日發表題為《好萊塢的人們到底都在做什么？》的文章，采訪了制片人珍·塞姆勒，盤點了好萊塢片場工種，向大家講述了他們到底是怎樣各司其職的。

JASON HOFFMAN/THRILLIST

Actor (male or female): If you are lucky, the only people who show up on screen when your film is finished.
演員：電影拍完后，只有演員能夠在銀幕上露臉，夠幸運。

Art Director: The right, or left, hand of the production designer. The Designer decides what the world is, and the Art Director works with the entire art department to make sure that vision happens. Most of the time they also have to do all that work and keep the entire department on time and budget.
藝術指導：美術總監的左膀右臂。美術總監負責構建場景，而藝術指導與整個藝術制作部門合作負責落實。大多數情況下，他們也要參與所有這些工作，確保按時完成，并控制預算。

Associate Producer: To quote David Mamet from State and Main,"[The credit is] what you give your secretary instead of a raise."
助理制片人：引用影片《欲望小鎮》導演戴維·馬梅特的話來說，“助理的名字會被寫在鳴謝名單上，而不用給他加工資”。

Assistant: There isn't enough space on the internet to list all the things an assistant does, but here goes a try: 1. Make coffee 2. Answer phones 3. Purchase gifts 4. Book travel 5. Do script notes 6. Get their boss home safe and alive every night 7. Etc. 8. Etc. 9. Etc.
助理：網站上沒有足夠空間列出助理所有工作事項，但包括：煮咖啡、接電話、買禮物、預訂行程、做劇本記錄、每晚將老大安全送回家，等等。

Assistant Director (AD): If the director steers the ship, the AD makes sure he has the tools to do it. The AD sets the schedule and tries their VERY best to keep everyone on it.
副導演：如果說導演是舵手，那么副導演就要確保舵手有工具可用。副導演安排日程，并盡可能讓大家按部就班。

Best Boy: Assistants to their department head (either Gaffer, or Key Grip), they work hella hard and always have various types of tape and cable ties at the ready.
燈光/器械助理：（燈光指導或道具主管）助理。他們干活很賣命，準備好各種錄影帶和線纜隨時待命。

Catering/Craft Service: They hold the cast and crew in their hands by keeping them fed, hydrated, caffeinated, and happy. For those that behave, they may also keep a small stash of your favorite treats hidden away on your rough days.
餐飲服務生：他們為全體劇組提供餐飲、咖啡，讓劇組吃飽喝好。如果對他們態度好點，他們還會給你留點好吃的，在你拍攝遇阻的時候犒勞一下你。

Co-Producer: Most of the time just as important as an Executive Producer or Producer but makes significantly less money :-)
聯合制片人：大多數情況下和執行制片人或監制一樣重要，但掙得少很多。

JASON HOFFMAN/THRILLIST

Director: The leader of the pack, the righter of the ship and, if they know what is good for them, the buyer of the first round after wrap.
導演：片場的主導、主舵手，如果了解大家喜好的話，會在殺青之后請喝第一頓酒。

DP/Director of Photography/Cinematographer: Runs the camera crew to make the visual and lighting magic -- hopefully, super well supported by the grip and electric department. Some even throw that camera on their shoulder and operate. Sometimes while doing so they fall down. It's funny.
攝影指導/攝影師：負責管理攝影團隊，實現視覺和燈光效果——當然最好是得到器械部門和電力部門通力支持。有些人甚至親自扛著攝像機上陣，有時候還會自己絆倒，讓人忍俊不禁。

Editor: The person who shapes the movie into what it becomes. The right (or left) hand of the director and the person most relied upon to fix what is wrong well after the fact.
剪輯：負責將影片修剪為成片。是導演的左膀右臂，是殺青后修修補補最需要依賴的角色。

Executive Producer: Up for grabs. The money person, the idea person, the line producer, the agent, or manager for the writer/director/actor or someone with the golden ticket.
執行制片人：什么都要管。又管錢又出點子，做現場制片還兼經紀人。編劇、導演、演員、還有各種大牌有事都找他。

JASON HOFFMAN/THRILLIST

Gang Boss: I'm pretty sure sometimes they are just called construction foremen, but why would you call yourself that if you could go by GANG BOSS. Their job is to oversee the construction crew and make sure everything on set gets built as it should.
領班：可以肯定，有時候他們只是叫工頭，但如果能叫領班的話，誰還會叫自己工頭呢。他們負責監督施工隊，確保片場所有布景搭建到位。

Gaffer: The chief electrician and, hopefully, the DP's bestie.
燈光總監：電工頭，但愿還是攝影指導的鐵桿兄弟。

Grip: They build and maintain everything that the camera goes on like a dolly or a crane, and also help set up all the stuff that the lighting equipment goes on.
置景工：負責搭建、維護設備，讓攝像機一會兒架在移動車上，一會兒掛在搖臂上。他們還會幫忙布光。

Producer: What they actually do is totally up for the grabs -- either they handle the money, or they're the boss, or they're just also someone with the aforementioned golden ticket.
制片人：實際上，他們的工作完全就是多面手——管錢袋子，負責片場工作，或者他們自己也是某大牌。

Production Assistant (PA): Does just what the job says -- assists the production in a variety of ways. They always carry a walkie talkie. They're also the first person you should befriend on set because they can get you what you need -- whatever that is.
制片助理：字面意思就是他們的工作職責——以多種方式協助影片制作。他們通常會拿著對講機。到片場之后，他們也應該是你第一個搞好關系的人，因為他們能幫上你的忙，無論是什么忙。

Production Designer: The person responsible for the overall look of the film. They chat with the director and bring (with the help of a sizable art department) that vision to life.
美術總監：負責影片整體效果。他們和導演溝通之后會把設想變為現實（借助規模可觀的藝術部門）。

Production Supervisor: It can be SO many different things. But the best ones are like ghosts because they do all the things that need to get done and no one even notices they needed doing.
制片監制：工作真的是太多太多了。但最好的制片監制就像幽靈，因為他們會把所有需要搞定的事情都搞定，但甚至沒有人注意到這些事情需要打理。

JASON HOFFMAN/THRILLIST

Script Supervisor: Watches everyone like a hawk. It is their job to monitor action, wardrobe, props, set dressing, and hair and makeup on screen.
劇本指導：密切關注每個人。他們的工作是監督拍攝、服裝、道具、布景和發型及化妝。

Second Unit: The gaggle who shoots the "other stuff" for a movie. Mostly anything not involving the principal cast -- like action scenes, or pick up shots.
第二攝制組：拍攝影片“其他內容”的團隊。大多是不涉及主要演員的任何內容——譬如動作場景，或者補拍鏡頭。

Writer: They created, whether originally or through adaptation, the world that got everyone excited about making the movie.
編劇：無論是基于原創還是通過改編，他們創造出讓我們為之興奮的電影世界。

Vocabulary

wrap:殺青

bestie: 最好的朋友

dolly: 移動攝影車

walkie talkie: 對講機

英文來源：美國斯里爾利斯特網站

翻譯&編輯：yaning