5. 卵子黑市
black market for human eggs

請看例句：

Business in the underground market for human eggs is flourishing and becomes a serious problem in the Chinese mainland.
內(nèi)地面臨卵子黑市交易盛行這一嚴峻問題。

據(jù)統(tǒng)計，2015年我國不孕不育患者已超過4000萬(more than 40m people in China have been diagnosed as infertile)，需要輔助生殖技術(assisted reproductive technology)助孕的育齡婦女約為300萬。由于正規(guī)的卵子庫(ovum bank)遠遠不能滿足需求，卵子黑市交易(business in the underground/black market for human eggs)有了可乘之機。"取卵機構"向急迫的不孕夫婦宣傳其秘密服務("egg collection" agencies advertise their underground services to desperate infertile couples)，同時年輕女性，特別是大學生被這個能賺取高額回報的機會所誘惑(be lured by the prospect of earning substantial sums of money in payment)。

據(jù)報道，在北京大學第三醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學中心附近，關于"捐卵(egg donation)"或"代孕(surrogacy)"的街頭廣告隨處可見，京滬高校的網(wǎng)絡論壇上也充斥著類似廣告。捐卵者一般都要受過良好教育且顏值要高(donors are generally expected to be well-educated and attractive)，可獲得的報酬在2至6萬元。很多捐卵者都來自低收入群體(low income groups)，因為捐卵是一種輕松賺快錢的方式(a quick and easy way to make money)，不少人已"捐過3、4次"。然而，取卵過程可能會危及捐贈者的健康(the egg retrieval procedure might put donors in danger)，引發(fā)并發(fā)癥(cause complications)。

北京春林律師事務所主任龐九林對記者表示，中介組織所進行的買賣卵子活動已構成犯罪，進行取卵的相關醫(yī)療機構也屬非法行醫(yī)(illegal medicine practice)。衛(wèi)生部2003年修訂的《人類輔助生殖技術規(guī)范》中明確規(guī)定，禁止一切商業(yè)化卵子捐贈和提取行為(ban all commercial egg donation and extraction)，贈卵只限于試管嬰兒治療中的剩余卵子(only eggs leftover from women who have undergone vitro fertilization treatments can be donated)，嚴禁買賣卵子。然而，目前的法規(guī)只規(guī)定了對參與捐卵生意的醫(yī)療機構的處罰措施(current regulations only stipulate penalties for medical institutions who are involved in the egg donation business)，卻未明確對參與交易的其他個人或機構的處罰。

[相關詞匯]

試管嬰兒 test-tube baby

人工授精 artificial insemination

胚胎移植 embryo transfer

人工流產(chǎn) induced abortion

妊娠反應 pregnancy reaction