當(dāng)?shù)貢r間6月1日，美國總統(tǒng)特朗普在白宮玫瑰園發(fā)表講話，宣布美國退出巴黎氣候協(xié)定，并稱將重新展開談判，以達(dá)成一個“公平”的協(xié)定。特朗普在去年的總統(tǒng)競選期間就曾放話，稱要采取措施幫助美國的石油和煤炭行業(yè)。他在講話中表示，巴黎協(xié)定會讓美國損失3萬億美元的GDP和650萬個工作崗位，而中國和印度等國卻能享受到優(yōu)惠待遇。反對派表示，退出巴黎協(xié)定是主動放棄了美國在重要全球挑戰(zhàn)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。美國前總統(tǒng)奧巴馬也表示，特朗普政府此舉是“拒絕了未來”。

US President Donald Trump announces his decision that the United States will withdraw from the landmark Paris Climate Agreement, in the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington, U.S., June 1. [Photo/Agencies]

President Donald Trump has announced that the US is withdrawing from the 2015 Paris climate agreement.
特朗普總統(tǒng)宣布美國要退出2015年達(dá)成的巴黎氣候協(xié)定。

He said moves to negotiate a new "fair" deal that would not disadvantage US businesses and workers would begin.
他表示，下一步會展開談判，以達(dá)成一個全新的、不會讓美國企業(yè)和工人陷入不利境地的“公平的”協(xié)議。

Mr Trump said during last year's presidential election campaign that he would take the step to help his country's oil and coal industries.
在去年的總統(tǒng)競選中，特朗普就曾經(jīng)表示，他要采取措施幫助美國的石油和煤炭行業(yè)。

Opponents say withdrawing from the accord is an abdication of US leadership on a key global challenge.
反對派表示，退出巴黎協(xié)定是主動放棄了美國在重要全球挑戰(zhàn)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。

Speaking in the White House Rose Garden, Mr Trump characterized the Paris agreement as a deal that aimed to hobble, disadvantage and impoverish the US.
在白宮玫瑰園的講話中，特朗普將巴黎協(xié)定描述為一個旨在阻礙美國、讓美國處于不利境地并陷入貧困的協(xié)議。

He claimed the agreement would cost the US $3tn in lost GDP and 6.5 million jobs - while rival economies like China and India were treated more favorably.
他聲稱，該協(xié)定會讓美國損失3萬億美元的GDP和650萬個工作崗位，而中國和印度等國家卻能享受到更多優(yōu)惠待遇。

"In order to fulfill my solemn duty to protect America and its citizens, the United States will withdraw from the Paris climate accord... but begin negotiations to re-enter either the Paris accord or a really entirely new transaction on terms that are fair to the United States," he said.
他說：“為了履行我保護(hù)美國和美國民眾的神圣職責(zé)，美國將從巴黎氣候協(xié)定中撤出......不過，我們將展開談判，以重新加入巴黎協(xié)定或者一個全新的、對美國公平的協(xié)議。”

"We don't want other leaders and other countries laughing at us any more - and they won't be," he said.
“我不想讓其他國家和他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人繼續(xù)嘲笑我們，他們也不會再嘲笑了。”

"I was elected to represent the citizens of Pittsburgh, not Paris. I promised I would exit or re-negotiate any deal which fails to serve America's interests. Many trade deals will soon be under re-negotiation."
“人們把我選出來是代表匹茲堡民眾的，不是代表巴黎民眾。我承諾過要退出或者重新商定任何不符合美國利益的協(xié)定。過不了多久，很多貿(mào)易協(xié)定也將重新進(jìn)行談判。”

匹茲堡曾是美國著名的鋼鐵工業(yè)城市。諷刺的是，匹茲堡市長比爾?佩杜托(Bill Peduto)隨即在推特上回應(yīng)：“作為匹茲堡的市長我可以向你們保證，我的城市將會為我們的公民、我們的經(jīng)濟和未來繼續(xù)遵守《巴黎協(xié)定》。”

各方反應(yīng)

特朗普講話之后，法國、德國及意大利的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)表了一份聯(lián)合聲明，拒絕就巴黎協(xié)定重新進(jìn)行談判。加拿大和英國均表示，對特朗普此舉“深感失望”。

Former US President Barack Obama, who agreed to the Paris deal, immediately criticized the move, accusing the Trump administration of "rejecting the future".
美國前總統(tǒng)奧巴馬立刻對此舉表示譴責(zé)，他批評特朗普政府“拒絕了未來”。奧巴馬在職期間同意簽署《巴黎協(xié)定》。

Republican congressional leaders and the US coal industry backed the move, with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell supporting Mr Trump "for dealing yet another significant blow to the Obama administration's assault on domestic energy production and jobs".
共和黨國會領(lǐng)袖和美國煤炭行業(yè)對這一決定表示支持，參議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖米奇?麥康奈爾支持特朗普的做法，因為“對奧巴馬政府打擊本國能源生產(chǎn)和就業(yè)的做法給予重?fù)簟薄?/p>

Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer called the decision "one of the worst policy moves made in the 21st Century because of the huge damage to our economy, our environment and our geopolitical standing".
參議院民主黨領(lǐng)袖查爾斯?舒默稱這一決定是“21世紀(jì)做出的最糟糕的決策，因為這一政策會對我國的經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境和地緣政治地位造成巨大損害”。

The leaders of France, Germany and Italy issued a joint statement rejecting a renegotiation of the agreement.
法國、德國和意大利的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)布聯(lián)合聲明，拒絕就巴黎協(xié)定進(jìn)行重新談判。

"We deem the momentum generated in Paris in December 2015 irreversible and we firmly believe that the Paris agreement cannot be renegotiated, since it is a vital instrument for our planet, societies and economies," it said.
聲明中寫道：“我們深以為2015年12月簽訂的巴黎協(xié)定所創(chuàng)造的動能是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的，鑒于巴黎協(xié)定對于我們的地球、社會和經(jīng)濟攸關(guān)重大，我們堅信巴黎協(xié)定無法重新協(xié)商。”

Canada was "deeply disappointed" by President Trump's decision, Environment Minister Catherine McKenna told reporters.
加拿大環(huán)境部部長凱瑟琳?麥肯納告訴記者說，加拿大對特朗普總統(tǒng)的決定 “深感失望”。

This was echoed by UK Prime Minister Theresa May, who expressed her disappointment and told Mr Trump in a phone call that the deal protects the "prosperity and security of future generations".
英國首相特蕾莎?梅也有同感，她表達(dá)了自己的失望并在電話中告訴特朗普，巴黎協(xié)定保護(hù)了“未來幾代人的繁榮與安全”。

Leaders of the Nordic nations - Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland - also condemned the move.
北歐國家（包括瑞典、芬蘭、丹麥、挪威和冰島）的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也譴責(zé)了這一舉動。

A United Nations spokeswoman said it was a "major disappointment for global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote global security".
聯(lián)合國一位發(fā)言人表示，這一決定“對全世界減少溫室氣體排放、促進(jìn)全球安全的努力來說是一件令人深感失望的事”。

Small island nations whose existence is threatened by rising sea levels were critical of the move. The President of the Marshall Islands, Hilda Heine, said it was "highly concerning for those of us that live on the frontline of climate change".
那些自身生存受到海平面上升威脅的小島國也批評了特朗普退出巴黎協(xié)定的舉動。馬紹爾群島總統(tǒng)希爾達(dá)?海涅說，“對于我們這些生活在氣候變化前線的國家來說，這一舉動非常令人擔(dān)憂”。

《巴黎協(xié)定》是什么？

《巴黎協(xié)定》（Paris Agreement）是在巴黎出席氣候大會的195國談判代表在2015年12月12日達(dá)成的歷史上首個關(guān)于氣候變化的全球性協(xié)定。

《巴黎協(xié)定》共29條，包括目標(biāo)、減緩、適應(yīng)、損失損害、資金、技術(shù)、能力建設(shè)、透明度、全球盤點等內(nèi)容。2020年后，各國將以“國家自定貢獻(xiàn)”（nationally determined contribution）的方式參與全球應(yīng)對氣候變化行動。

長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)（the long-term goal）：確保全球平均氣溫較前工業(yè)化水平升高控制在2攝氏度之內(nèi)（make sure the global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels），并為把升溫控制在1.5攝氏度之內(nèi)“付出努力”（"pursue efforts" to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius）。

減排目標(biāo)（emissions targets）：與會各方同意每隔5年重新設(shè)定各自的減排目標(biāo)（set national targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions every five years）。目前已有180多個國家和地區(qū)提交了從2020年起始的五年期限內(nèi)減排目標(biāo)。

評估目標(biāo)（reviewing targets）: 與會各方今后4年內(nèi)重新評估各自的減排目標(biāo)，以便適時做出調(diào)整。

透明度（transparency）：要求締約方匯報各自的溫室氣體排放情況以及減排進(jìn)展，但賦予發(fā)展中國家適度“彈性”（flexibility）。

資金（money）: 要求發(fā)達(dá)國家繼續(xù)向發(fā)展中國家提供資金援助，從而幫助后者減少碳排放以及適應(yīng)氣候變化（wealthy countries should continue to offer financial support to help poor countries reduce their emissions and adapt to climate change）。

損失破壞（loss and damage）：該協(xié)定 “承認(rèn)”損失和破壞的內(nèi)容，主要是針對由氣候變化引發(fā)的災(zāi)難（recognizing "loss and damage" associated with climate-related disasters）。

英文來源：BBC
編輯：馬文英、陳丹妮