5月28日，外交部舉行中外媒體吹風會。國務委員兼外交部長王毅介紹習近平主席主持上海合作組織青島峰會相關情況。

President Xi Jinping will chair the 18th Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit to be held in Qingdao, Shandong province on June 9-10, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi announced. Leaders of SCO member states and observer states, as well as chiefs of relevant international organizations will attend the summit.

王毅宣布，上海合作組織成員國元首理事會第十八次會議將于6月9日至10日在山東省青島市舉行。中國國家主席習近平將主持會議并舉行相關活動。上海合作組織成員國、觀察員國領導人和有關國際組織負責人將應邀與會。

王毅表示，青島峰會是上海合作組織擴員后召開的首次峰會，也是中國今年第二場重大主場外交活動。屆時，習近平主席將同上海合作組織其他7個成員國、4個觀察員國領導人，以及聯合國等國際組織和機構負責人一道，共商合作大計。習近平主席將為各方來賓舉行歡迎宴會，共同觀看燈光焰火藝術表演，并將先后主持小范圍和大范圍會談，就上海合作組織發展現狀和前景（the current and future development of the SCO）、新形勢下各領域合作（cooperation in all areas under the new situation），以及重大國際和地區問題（major international and regional issues）同大家深入交換意見，同其他成員國領導人共同簽署并發表青島宣言（Qingdao Declaration），批準10余份安全、經濟、人文等領域合作文件（a dozen agreements on security and economic cooperation, and people-to-people exchanges）。結合青島峰會，習近平主席還將邀請俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦以及伊朗總統對華進行訪問，并同其他有關國家領導人舉行雙邊會見。

那么，對于這個上海合作組織，你知道多少呢？我們來給大家科普一下。

上海合作組織（Shanghai Cooperation Organization，SCO）是首個以中國城市命名的國際組織，其成立的初衷就是共同維護本地區和平、安全與穩定。

上海合作組織是中華人民共和國、哈薩克斯坦共和國、吉爾吉斯共和國、俄羅斯聯邦、塔吉克斯坦共和國、烏茲別克斯坦共和國，六個國家于2001年6月15日在中國上海宣布成立的永久性政府間國際組織（permenant inter-governmental international organization）。它的前身是“上海五國”（Shanghai Five）機制。

上海合作組織成員（member states）：中國、印度、哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦、巴基斯坦、俄羅斯、塔吉克斯坦和烏茲別克斯坦；

觀察員國家（observer states）：阿富汗、白俄羅斯、伊朗、蒙古；

對話伙伴國（dialogue partners）：阿塞拜疆、亞美尼亞、柬埔寨、尼泊爾、土耳其、斯里蘭卡。

上海合作組織的最高決策機構是成員國元首理事會（The Council of Heads of State）。上海合作組織有兩個常設機構（permanent bodies），分別是設在北京的秘書處（The Secretariat of the SCO）和設在塔什干的地區反恐怖機構（The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure, RATS）。

【上海精神 Shanghai Spirit】

The cooperation within SCO is distinguished by its spirit of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, mutual consultations, respect for cultural diversity and aspiration for common development. These principles, known as Shanghai Spirit, will continue to serve as the basis for the relations between the SCO member states.

上合組織框架內合作的特點是“互信、互利、平等、協商、尊重多樣文明，謀求共同發展”。這些被稱作“上海精神”的原則今后仍然是上合組織成員國關系的基礎。（摘自《上海合作組織至2025年發展戰略》）

上合組織歷屆峰會成果回顧

第一次峰會——上海峰會

On June 15, 2001, the first meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Shanghai, China. At the meeting, the six heads of state signed the Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, declaring that the SCO was formally established.

2001年6月15日，上合組織成員國元首理事會首次會議在中國上海舉行。會上，六國元首簽署了《上海合作組織成立宣言》，宣告上合組織正式成立。

第二次峰會——圣彼得堡峰會

On June 7, 2002, the second meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The six heads of state signed three important documents, namely the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Charter, the Agreement on the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure and the Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO, laying a foundation for the institutional and legislative construction of the SCO.

2002年6月7日，元首理事會第二次會議在俄羅斯圣彼得堡舉行。六國元首簽署《上海合作組織憲章》《關于地區反恐怖機構的協定》《上海合作組織成員國元首宣言》等三個重要文件，為上合組織的機制化和法律化建設奠定了基礎。

第三次峰會——莫斯科峰會

On May 29, 2003, the third meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Moscow. At the meeting, the six heads of state discussed such important issues as how to seize opportunities, meet challenges, strengthen coordination, expand cooperation and promote regional peace and development in the new situation, and reached broad consensus. In addition, the six heads of state signed the Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO.

2003年5月29日，元首理事會第三次會議在莫斯科舉行。會上，六國元首討論了在新形勢下如何抓住機遇、應對挑戰、加強協調、擴大合作、促進地區和平與發展等重大問題，并達成廣泛共識。六國元首還簽署了《上海合作組織成員國元首宣言》。

第四次峰會——塔什干峰會

On June 17, 2004, the fourth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Toshkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. The six heads of state officially launched the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the SCO, signed and approved several important documents including the Tashkent Declaration and the Anti-Drugs Cooperation Agreement, and decided to take new initiatives to promote pragmatic cooperation on security and economy and establish a cooperative mechanism between the ministries of foreign affairs of member states. The Tashkent summit marked the end of the three-year founding stage of the SCO and the entry of a new period of all-round development. At the meeting, Mongolia was absorbed as a SCO observer.

2004年6月17日，元首理事會第四次會議在烏茲別克斯坦首都塔什干舉行。六國元首正式啟動上海合作組織地區反恐怖機構，簽署、批準了《塔什干宣言》、反毒合作協議等多份重要文件，并決定采取新舉措，推進安全和經濟方面的務實合作，建立成員國外交部間協作機制等。塔什干峰會標志著成立三年的上合組織正式結束初創階段，進入了全面發展的新時期。會上，蒙古國被吸收為上合組織觀察員。

第五次峰會——阿斯塔納峰會

On July 5, 2005, the fifth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. The six heads of state signed important documents including the Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO, and decided to give observer status to India, Iran and Pakistan.

2005年7月5日，元首理事會第五次會議在哈薩克斯坦首都阿斯塔納舉行。六國元首簽署了《上海合作組織成員國元首宣言》等重要文件，并決定給予印度、伊朗、巴基斯坦觀察員地位。

第六次峰會——上海峰會

On June 15, 2006, the sixth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Shanghai. The six heads of state put forward a long-term plan on the development of the SCO in relation to the theme of carrying forward the "Shanghai Spirit", deepening pragmatic cooperation and promoting peaceful development, signed important documents including the Declaration on the Fifth Anniversary of the SCO and determined the direction and mission for the next development of the SCO.

2006年6月15日，元首理事會第六次會議在上海舉行。六國元首圍繞弘揚“上海精神”、深化務實合作、促進和平發展的主題，提出了上合組織發展的遠景規劃，簽署了《上海合作組織五周年宣言》等重要文件，為上合組織的下一步發展確定了方向和任務。

第七次峰會——比什凱克峰會

On August 16, 2007, the seventh meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan. The six heads of state signed the Treaty of Long-term Good-neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation among SCO Member States, determining the idea of the member states' people of "friendship for generations and peace forever" in a legal form.

2007年8月16日，元首理事會第七次會議在吉爾吉斯斯坦首都比什凱克舉行。六國元首簽署了《上海合作組織成員國長期睦鄰友好合作條約》，把成員國人民“世代友好、永保和平”的思想以法律形式確定下來。

第八次峰會——杜尚別峰會

On August 28, 2008, the eighth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. The six heads of state reached important new consensus on the key directions of SCO's development and cooperation, guidelines for mutual relations and the basic position of foreign exchanges. Important documents, such as the Dushanbe Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO and the Regulations on the Dialogue Partner Status of the SCO, were adopted at the meeting.

2008年8月28日，元首理事會第八次會議在塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚別舉行。六國元首就上海合作組織發展和合作重點方向、相互關系準則、對外交往基本立場等達成新的重要共識。會議通過了《上海合作組織成員國元首杜尚別宣言》《上海合作組織對話伙伴條例》等重要文件。

第九次峰會——葉卡捷琳堡峰會

From June 15, 2009 to June 16, 2009, the ninth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia. The six heads of state signed important documents, such as the Yekaterinburg Declaration and the Counter-Terrorism Convention. It was decided at the meeting that dialogue partner status was granted to Belarus and Sri Lanka.

2009年6月15日至16日，元首理事會第九次會議在俄羅斯葉卡捷琳堡舉行。六國元首簽署了《葉卡捷琳堡宣言》和《反恐怖主義公約》等重要文件。會議決定給予白俄羅斯和斯里蘭卡對話伙伴地位。

第十次峰會——塔什干峰會

On June 11, 2010, the tenth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Toshkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. The Tenth Meeting Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO was issued and the Regulations on the Admittance of New SCO Members and the Procedures and Rules of the SCO were approved at the meeting.

2010年6月11日，元首理事會第十次會議在烏茲別克斯坦首都塔什干舉行。會議發表了《上海合作組織成員國元首理事會第十次會議宣言》，批準了《上海合作組織接收新成員條例》和《上海合作組織程序規則》。

第十一次峰會——阿斯塔納峰會

On June 15, 2011, the 11th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. The six heads of state summarized the previous achievements and development experience in relation to the theme of looking back into the past, looking forward to the future, agglomerating consensus and consolidating unity, and signed the Astana Declaration on the Tenth Anniversary of SCO on the basis of the in-depth analysis of international and regional development, to make a strategic plan for the development of the SCO in the next ten years.

2011年6月15日，元首理事會第十一次會議在哈薩克斯坦首都阿斯塔納舉行。六國元首圍繞回顧過去、展望未來、凝聚共識、鞏固團結的主題，總結了過去的成就和發展經驗，并在深入分析國際和地區形勢發展的基礎上簽署《上海合作組織十周年阿斯塔納宣言》，對上合組織未來10年的發展方向作出戰略規劃。

第十二次峰會——北京峰會

From June 6, 2012 to June 7, 2012, the 12th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Beijing. Leaders present at the meeting exchanged in-depth views on deepening friendly cooperation among the member states and major international and regional issues, planned the future development of the SCO and reached new important consensus. The heads of state signed ten documents including the Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO on Building a Region with Lasting Peace and Common Prosperity. The heads of state of the SCO unanimously agreed to admit Afghanistan as a SCO observer and Turkey as a SCO dialogue partner.

2012年6月6日至7日，元首理事會第十二次會議在北京舉行。與會領導人就深化成員國友好合作以及重大國際和地區問題深入交換意見，并對上海合作組織未來發展作出規劃，達成新的重要共識。成員國元首簽署了《上合組織成員國元首關于構建持久和平、共同繁榮地區的宣言》等10個文件。上合組織成員國元首一致同意接收阿富汗為上合組織觀察員國、土耳其為上合組織對話伙伴國。

第十三次峰會——比什凱克峰會

On September 13, 2013, the 13th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The heads of state present at the meeting jointly signed and issued the Bishkek Declaration of Heads of State of the Scathe summit approved the Guidelines for the Implementation of Provisions of the Treaty of Long-term Good-neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation among SCO Member States (2013-2017).President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled Carrying Forward the "Shanghai Spirit" and Promoting Common Development. China announced at the summit that the SCO Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation Committee was established.

2013年9月13日，元首理事會第十三次會議在吉爾吉斯斯坦比什凱克舉行。與會元首共同簽署并發表了《上海合作組織成員國元首比什凱克宣言》。峰會批準《〈上海合作組織成員國長期睦鄰友好合作條約〉實施綱要(2013-2017)》。國家主席習近平發表題為《弘揚“上海精神”，促進共同發展》的重要講話。中方在峰會上宣布已成立上合組織睦鄰友好合作委員會。

第十四次峰會——杜尚別峰會

On September 12, 2014, the 14th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. The participants exchanged views on further improving the work of the SCO, developing the long-term and good-neighborly friendship among the member states, safeguarding the regional security, enhancing practical cooperation as well as current major international and regional issues. President Xi Jinping delivered a speech entitled Gathering People's Will and Power and Coordinating Sincerely to Push SCO to a New Level, making four points of proposals. The heads of state signed and issued the Dushanbe Declaration, signed the Agreement among the Governments of SCO Member States on International Road Transport Facilitation, and approved amendments to the Procedures of Granting SCO Membership and the Memo Template of Obligations for Applicant States to Join the SCO.

2014年9月12日，元首理事會第十四次會議在塔吉克斯坦杜尚別舉行。與會各方圍繞進一步完善上海合作組織工作、發展上海合作組織域內長期睦鄰友好關系、維護地區安全、加強務實合作以及當前重大國際和地區問題交換意見。國家主席習近平發表《凝心聚力、精誠協作，推動上海合作組織再上新臺階》的講話，提出4點主張。成員國元首簽署并發表了《杜尚別宣言》，簽署了《上海合作組織成員國政府間國際道路運輸便利化協定》，批準《給予上海合作組織成員國地位程序》和《關于申請國加入上海合作組織義務的備忘錄范本》修訂案。

第十五次峰會——烏法峰會

On July 10, 2015, the 15th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Ufa, Russia. The theme of the meeting was to plan the future development of the SCO and coordinate stances on the development of the SCO and on major international and regional issues. President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled Unite and Help Each Other and Address Challenges Together to Promote the SCO for New Leapfrog Progress. The heads of state jointly signed and issued the Ufa Declaration, approved a series of documents including the SCO Development Strategy Towards 2025, signed the Agreement on Border Defense Cooperation among SCO Member States, passed resolutions on starting the procedures of admitting India and Pakistan into the SCO and other resolutions, and issued a statement on the 70th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War by the heads of state of SCO member states, a statement on coping with drugs by the heads of state of SCO member states and a Press Communique of the meeting.

2015年7月10日，元首理事會第十五次會議在俄羅斯烏法舉行。會議的主題是規劃組織未來發展，就本組織發展及國際和地區重要問題協調立場。國家主席習近平發表題為《團結互助、共迎挑戰，推動上海合作組織實現新跨越》的重要講話。成員國元首共同簽署并發表了《烏法宣言》，批準包括《上合組織至2025年發展戰略》在內的一系列文件，簽署《上合組織成員國邊防合作協定》，通過關于啟動接收印度、巴基斯坦加入上合組織程序等決議，發表成員國元首關于世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70周年的聲明、關于應對毒品問題的聲明以及會議《新聞公報》。

第十六次峰會——塔什干峰會

On June 24, 2016, the 16th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Toshkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled Promoting Shanghai Spirit, Consolidating Solidarity and Mutual Trust, and Comprehensively Deepening the SCO Cooperation. The heads of state signed the Tashkent Declaration on the Fifteenth Anniversary of the SCO and other resolutions including those on the approval of the Action Plan for 2016-2020 on Implementation of the SCO Development Strategy Towards 2025, approval on the adoption of the Memorandum of the Obligations on the Entry of the Republic of India to the SCO, approval on the adoption of the Memorandum of the Obligations on the Entry of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the SCO, approval of the SCO Secretary General's Report on the Past Year's Work, and approval of the 2015 Work Report of the Executive Committee of the SCO Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure on Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure. They also witnessed the signing of such documents as the Memorandum of the Obligations on the Entry of the Republic of India to the SCO and the Memorandum of the Obligations on the Entry of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the SCO.

2016年6月24日，元首理事會第十六次會議在烏茲別克斯坦首都塔什干舉行。國家主席習近平發表題為《弘揚“上海精神”、鞏固團結互信，全面深化上海合作組織合作》的重要講話。成員國元首簽署《上海合作組織成立十五周年塔什干宣言》以及關于批準《〈上海合作組織至2025年發展戰略〉2016—2020年落實行動計劃》、批準簽署《關于印度共和國加入上海合作組織義務的備忘錄》、批準簽署《關于巴基斯坦伊斯蘭共和國加入上海合作組織義務的備忘錄》、批準《上海合作組織秘書長關于上海合作組織過去一年工作報告》、批準《上海合作組織地區反恐怖機構理事會關于地區反恐機構2015年工作報告》等決議，見證了《關于印度共和國加入上海合作組織義務的備忘錄》和《關于巴基斯坦伊斯蘭共和國加入上海合作組織義務的備忘錄》等文件的簽署。

第十七次峰會——阿斯塔納峰會

On June 9, 2017, the 17th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled Upholding Solidarity, Coordination, Openness and Inclusiveness and Building a Common Home of Security, Stability, Development and Prosperity. Leaders present at the meeting analyzed the SCO's development status quo, mission and prospects, exchanged views on major international and regional issues and reached broad consensus. India and Pakistan were formally given SCO membership at the meeting. The meeting decided that China will host the next meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council in 2018, and take over the SCO rotating presidency. The heads of state signed the Astana Declaration of the SCO Heads of State, the SCO Convention on Countering Extremism, the Resolution on Finalizing the Procedures of Admitting the Republic of India into the SCO and Granting It SCO Membership, the Resolution on Finalizing the Procedures of Admitting the Islamic Republic of Pakistan into the SCO and Granting It SCO Membership, the Resolution on the Proportion of the Membership Fee of SCO Member States under the Background of Granting the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan SCO Membership, the Resolution on SCO Secretary-General's Report on the SCO's Work in 2016, the Resolution on SCO Council of Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure's Report on Its Work in 2016, the Resolution on Regulations of Representative of SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure and other documents.

2017年6月9日，元首理事會第十七次會議在哈薩克斯坦首都阿斯塔納舉行。國家主席習近平發表題為《團結協作、開放包容，建設安全穩定、發展繁榮的共同家園》的重要講話。與會領導人分析了上海合作組織發展現狀、任務和前景，就重大國際和地區問題交換意見，達成廣泛共識。會議正式給予印度、巴基斯坦上海合作組織成員國地位。會議決定，上海合作組織成員國元首理事會下次會議2018年在中國舉行，下任主席國由中國擔任。成員國元首簽署了《上海合作組織成員國元首阿斯塔納宣言》、《上海合作組織反極端主義公約》、《關于完成接收印度共和國加入上海合作組織程序并給予其上海合作組織成員國地位的決議》、《關于完成接收巴基斯坦伊斯蘭共和國加入上海合作組織程序并給予其上海合作組織成員國地位的決議》、《關于給予印度共和國和巴基斯坦伊斯蘭共和國上海合作組織成員國地位背景下上海合作組織成員國會費比例的決議》、《關于〈上海合作組織秘書長關于過去一年上海合作組織工作的報告〉的決議》、《關于〈上海合作組織地區反恐怖機構理事會關于地區反恐怖機構2016年工作的報告〉的決議》和《關于〈上海合作組織成員國常駐地區反恐怖機構代表條例〉的決議》等。

參考來源：新華網，2017-2018上海合作組織輪值主席國官網

編輯：Helen