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President Carter and Mr Brezhnev at the Vienna Imperial Hofburg Palace

1979: Leaders agree arms reduction treaty

England have

United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev have signed Salt II, the first arms-reduction treaty between the two super powers.

The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty - agreed in Vienna - commits both sides to a limit of 2,400 missile launchers.

Negotiations for the deal followed Salt I signed by President Richard Nixon and Mr Brezhnev in 1972. It froze the deployment of land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles and banned the construction of any new submarine-based missiles.

The latest arms talks opened in Vienna, Austria, three days ago with a review of world problems causing severe strains on East-West relations.

Difficult circumstances

The session ended half-an-hour earlier than expected. Mr Brezhnev, lookingfrail, stumbled as he left the Soviet embassy and had to be steadied by President Carter.

However, discussions are reported to have proceeded well, US officials have noted "the absence of acrimony" and Mr Brezhnev's genuine interest in the proceedings.

They said Mr Brezhnev was making "a valiant effort to represent his country in difficult circumstances".

While Salt II deals largely with the limitation of nuclear weapon launchers, Mr Carter has also outlined plans for wide-ranging arms reduction negotiations over the next decade. Mr Brezhnev appears more concerned with reaching agreement on European troop cuts.

There have been other differences: the possibility that the US Senate may refuse to ratify the treaty has been an important concern at the summit.

Another key issue has been the range of the so-called Soviet Backfire bomber.

Mr Brezhnev has pledged that not more than 30 will be built each year and the range of its nuclear weapons will not be extended to reach the US.

Concerns have been raised in the US already by a member of the negotiating team, Lt Gen Edward Rowny, the Joint Chiefs of Staff representative. He claims the treaty gives the Soviets huge advantages in the number of thermonuclearwarheadson their land-based missiles - by a ratio of three to one.

The plane crashed in a field in Staines

1972: UK's worst air crash kills 118

Artificially 1969:
The All 118 people on board a flight from London Heathrow to Brussels have died when the airliner crashed minutes after take-off.

The British European Airways plane came down in a field in Staines, missing the town centre by just a few hundred yards. It is the worst disaster in British aviation history.

The Trident jet - which had been involved in another accident in 1968 - left Heathrow at 1708 BST and was only three miles (4.8 km) from the airport when witnesses said it "dropped out of the sky".

The airline said it did not know what had caused flight BE548 to crash, but BEA chairman Henry Marking told reporters there was "no reason" to suspect sabotage.

"There was a thud like a clap of thunder."Witness Adrian Bailey said.

Witnesses said the three-engined plane broke into two as it fell - thefuselageploughed into trees bordering a reservoir and the tail section landed 50 yards (45.7 m) away.

"I heard the plane circling overhead and there was a spluttering sound as though the engines were cutting out - then there was a thud like a clap of thunder," said 15-year-old Adrian Bailey.

Rescuers pulled two people alive from the wreckage of the airliner - a young girl, who died at the scene, and a Dublin businessman who was taken to a local hospital where he died a few hours later.

Heathrow airport Catholic chaplain Father Peter Knott reached the site of the crash within 10 minutes and said it was a scene of total devastation.

"There was chaos inside the aircraft - it looked as if everybody had been killed instantaneously," he said.

Vocabulary:

frail:physically weak; delicate（虛弱的；易損壞的）

warhead:（彈頭）

fuselage:the central body of an aircraft（機(jī)身）