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A picture illustrates how to swat a fly.
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The brains of flies are wired to avoid the swatter, US researchers said on Thursday.
At the mere hint of a threat, the insects adjust their preflight stance to flee in the opposite direction, ensuring a clean getaway, they said in a finding that helps explain why flies so easily evade swipes from their human foes.
"These movements are made very rapidly, within about 200 milliseconds, but within that time the animal determines where the threat is coming from and activates an appropriate set of movements to position its legs and wings," Michael Dickinson of the California Institute of Technology said in a statement.
"This illustrates how rapidly the fly's brain can process sensory information into an appropriate motor response," said Dickinson, whose research appears in the journal Current Biology.
Dickinson's team studied this process in fruit flies using high-speed digital imaging equipment and a fancy fly swatter.
In response to a threat from the front, the fly moves its middle legs forward, leans back and raises its back legs for a backward takeoff. If the threat is from the side, the fly leans the other way before takeoff.
The findings offer new insight into the fly nervous system, and lends a few clues on how to outsmart a fly.
"It is best not to swat at the fly's starting position," Dickinson said. Instead, aim for the escape route.
Dickinson, a bioengineer, has devoted his life's work to the study of insect flight. He has built a tiny robotic fly called Robofly and a 3-D visual flight simulator called Fly-O-Vision.
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(Agencies)
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蒼蠅為何如此難打？美國(guó)研究人員于上周四稱(chēng)，這主要和蒼蠅的大腦反應(yīng)有關(guān)。
研究人員稱(chēng)，即使是很微小的危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)，蒼蠅在察覺(jué)后都能迅速調(diào)整好它的起飛姿勢(shì)，然后向相反方向飛離，逃之夭夭。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于解釋為什么蒼蠅如此難打。
加利福尼亞科技學(xué)院的邁克爾?迪金森在一份聲明中說(shuō)：“整個(gè)飛離過(guò)程十分迅速，只需約200毫秒。但就是在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，蒼蠅就能確定威脅來(lái)自何方，然后啟動(dòng)一套動(dòng)作，調(diào)整好腿和翅膀的姿勢(shì)。”
迪金森說(shuō)：“這就說(shuō)明蒼蠅的大腦能夠非常迅速地將感官信息轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作反應(yīng)指令?！痹撗芯繄?bào)告在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》期刊上發(fā)表。
迪金森的研究小組采用高速數(shù)碼成像設(shè)備以及一個(gè)奇特的蒼蠅拍對(duì)果蠅的逃命過(guò)程進(jìn)行了研究。
當(dāng)察覺(jué)到威脅來(lái)自前方，蒼蠅就會(huì)向前微移中足，身體后傾，然后抬起后足向后飛離；如果威脅來(lái)自側(cè)面，那么蒼蠅則會(huì)將身體傾向另一側(cè)，然后逃離。
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)讓人類(lèi)對(duì)蒼蠅的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)有了更新的認(rèn)識(shí)，而且?guī)椭藗冋业搅舜蛏n蠅的方法。
迪金森說(shuō)：“打蒼蠅時(shí)不能對(duì)準(zhǔn)蒼蠅?！闭_的方法應(yīng)該是對(duì)準(zhǔn)它的飛離方向。
迪金森是一名生物工程學(xué)家，他一直從事昆蟲(chóng)飛行方面的研究。他研發(fā)了一款名叫Robofly的微型機(jī)器人蒼蠅，以及一種名叫Fly-O-Vision的三維可視飛行模擬器。
（英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津姍姍編輯）
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