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快樂的秘訣：記住好時光
Secret of happiness is remembering the good times, say scientists

[ 2011-05-05 08:32]

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David Cameron and Nick Clegg enjoy happier times at the beginning of the coalition.

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The elusive secret of happiness could be as simple as remembering the good times and forgetting the regrets, a new university study reported yesterday.

For people who look at the past through rose-tinted glasses are happier than those who focus on negative past experiences and regrets, according to a new study published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences.

The study helps explain why personality has such a strong influence on a person's happiness and the findings suggest that people with certain personality traits are happier than others because of the way they think about their past, present and future.

The study examined how peoples' ratings on the "Big Five" personality traits relates to their approach to time and life satisfaction.

The "Big Five" model assesses how extroverted, neurotic, open, conscientious and agreeable a person is, and rates individuals as high or low on each personality trait rather than assigning them a personality type.

"We found that highly extraverted people are happier with their lives because they tend to hold a positive, nostalgic view of the past and are less likely to have negative thoughts and regrets. People high on the neurotic scale essentially have the exact opposite view of the past and are less happy as a result," said Ryan Howell, assistant professor of psychology at San Francisco State University, who authored the study with SF State graduating senior Jia Wei Zhang.

"This is good news because although it may be difficult to change your personality, you may be able to alter your view of time and boost your happiness," Howell said.

The authors suggest that savoring happy memories or reframing painful past experiences in a positive light could be effective ways for individuals to increase their life satisfaction.

Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction. These latest findings help explain the reason behind this relationship.

"Personality traits influence how people look at the past, present and future and it is these different perspectives on time which drive a person's happiness," Howell said.

(Read by Nelly Min. Nelly Min is a journalist at the China Daily Website.)

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(Agencies)

快樂的秘訣難以捉摸，但也可以很簡單。昨日發布的一項新的大學研究報告稱，快樂的秘訣就是：記住美好的時光，忘記遺憾的往事。

這篇發表在《個性與個體差異》雜志上的新研究報告稱，那些以極度樂觀的精神看待過去的人比那些專注于過往不愉快經歷和遺憾往事的人更快樂。

研究解釋了人的個性為何會對個人的快樂感有強大的影響力。研究結果顯示，具有某些特定個性特征的人比其他人要快樂，因為他們看待自己的過去、現在和未來的方式有所不同。

該研究按照“五大個性特征”給人們打分，并將個性特征和人們對光陰和生活的滿意度聯系起來。

“五大個性特征”模式對一個人的外向程度、神經質程度、開明程度、責任心和隨和與否做出評價，標出每個人每項個性特征的程度高低，而不是給他們指定一種個性類型。

舊金山州立大學的心理學助理教授萊恩?豪威爾說：“我們發現，非常外向的人對自己的生活更滿意，因為他們一般會用積極、懷舊的目光來看待過往，對過去不大會有消極的想法和遺憾。特別神經質的人看待過去的方式則正好相反，因而也就比較不快樂。”一同撰寫該研究報告的還有舊金山州立大學即將畢業的大四學生張家瑋（音譯）。

豪威爾說：“這是好消息，因為盡管你難以改變自己的個性，但是你可以改變自己看待過去的方式，從而提升你的幸福感。”

報告的作者指出，享受快樂的回憶，用積極的眼光看待傷痛的過往，會有效地增進個人對生活的滿意度。

在過去三十年內開展的多項研究都指出，個性可以有效地預示個人對生活的滿意度。這些最新的研究發現有助于解釋這兩者關系背后的原因。

豪威爾說：“個性影響人們看待過去、現在和未來的方式，正是這些對于人生的不同視角影響著個人的幸福感。”

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（中國日報網英語點津陳丹妮編輯：馮明惠）

Vocabulary:

see through rose-tinted glasses: view in an excessively optimistic light （以極度樂觀的精神看待）

elusive: difficult to find, define, or achieve（難找的；難以解釋的；難以達到的）

extroverted: lively and confident; outgoing, overtly expressive（性格）外向的

neurotic: not behaving in a reasonable, calm way, because you are worried about something（神經質的；神經過敏的）

agreeable: pleasant and easy to like（愉悅的；討人喜歡的；宜人的）

reframe: frame or express (words or a concept or plan) differently（再構造）

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