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Drugs smuggled from abroad, including Southeast Asia and some Central and South Asiancountries, are the main sources of underground drug use across China, according to a senioranti-drug official from the Ministry of Public Security.

"Despite great efforts in combating cross-border drug trafficking, we're still facing a grimsituation in the fight against drugs from abroad," Liu Yuejin, director of the ministry's narcoticsdepartment, said in an exclusive interview.

Figures from the ministry show more than 90 percent of heroin and methamphetamine tabletsavailable through China's black market come from Southeast Asia.

Last year, police in Yunnan province seized 5.37 metric tons of heroin - 73 percent of the totalnationwide - and 8.95 tons of methamphetamine (55 percent of the nationwide total), smuggledover the border with Myanmar.

Cases of drug smuggling have also risen sharply on the border between China and Vietnam.

Authorities in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region uncovered 3,224 cases last year,seizing 415 kg of heroin, up 100 percent from 2011.

Liu said China borders two major sources of drugs - the Golden Triangle (comprising parts ofThailand, Laos and Myanmar) and the Golden Crescent, made up of parts of Central andSouth Asia.

Opium poppy planting in the Golden Triangle covered about 40,000 hectares last year,producing more than 60 tons of heroin, according to the ministry.

Liu said there has been rampant smuggling of synthetic drugs in China from Southeast Asia,including Myanmar, northern Laos and Vietnam, through border areas between Yunnan andGuangxi.

Poppy planting in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran has reached a total of 154,000 hectares,which can produce more than 370 tons of heroin.

"A large quantity of heroin produced in these areas is usually smuggled to the Xinjiang Uygurautonomous region, and transferred to Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia andVietnam, and then into Guangdong province by plane ," Liu said.

Drugs: Cross-border judicial communication needed

Recently, drug traffickers have tried to use shipments of marble, carpets and even Buddhastatuettes to transport drugs as well as more traditional methods, such as the human body,bags or cars, said Yang Zhaohui, another senior official with the ministry's narcoticsdepartment.

"Suspects tend to become violent, and even use weapons to fight us at checkpoints," Yangsaid.

Cross-border traffickers often use high-tech methods, including wiretapping and networkcontrolling, in remote areas to counter police investigations and avoid punishment, Yang said.

"Gang members form a strict management, and assume different tasks, including arrangingdrug sources, hiring traffickers, modifying vehicles, transport and sales," he said.

To tackle the problem, China has established judicial cooperation with Southeast Asiancountries, including Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia, Liu said. He added that China ispromoting law enforcement cooperation with some countries in Central and South Asia,including Pakistan and Afghanistan.

China is also trying to deepen judicial cooperation with North American and European countriesto strengthen intelligence exchanges and case cooperation, Liu said.

Hong Daode, a law professor from China University of Political Science and Law, said: "Thepriority is to get the clues and relevant intelligence information for drug trafficking crimes."

Liu said the authorities face challenges in combating cross-border drug trafficking, as it isdifficult to uncover trafficking networks and capture gang leaders, as well as conductinginvestigations and collecting evidence.

"We need to cooperate with judicial authorities in other countries to identify foreign suspects,and liaise on evidence-collecting abroad," he said.

(China Daily)