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歷史告訴我們，只有交流互鑒，一種文明才能充滿生命力。只要秉持包容精神，就不存在什么“文明沖突”，就可以實現(xiàn)文明和諧。這就是中國人常說的：“蘿卜青菜，各有所愛。”

History also tells us that only by interacting with and learning from others can a civilization enjoy full vitality. If all civilizations can uphold inclusiveness, the so-called "clash of civilizations" will be out of the question and the harmony of civilizations will become reality. This is like what we Chinese often say, "radish or cabbage, each to his own delight."

中華文明經(jīng)歷了5000多年的歷史變遷，但始終一脈相承，積淀著中華民族最深層的精神追求，代表著中華民族獨特的精神標識，為中華民族生生不息、發(fā)展壯大提供了豐厚滋養(yǎng)。中華文明是在中國大地上產(chǎn)生的文明，也是同其他文明不斷交流互鑒而形成的文明。

Having gone through over 5,000 years of vicissitudes, the Chinese civilization has always kept to its original root. Unique in representing China spiritually, it contains some most profound pursuits of the Chinese nation and provides it with abundant nourishment for existence and development. Though born on the soil of China, it has come to its present form through constant exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations.

公元前100多年，中國就開始開辟通往西域的絲綢之路。漢代張騫于公元前138年和119年兩次出使西域，向西域傳播了中華文化，也引進了葡萄、苜蓿、石榴、胡麻、芝麻等西域文化成果。西漢時期，中國的船隊就到達了印度和斯里蘭卡，用中國的絲綢換取了琉璃、珍珠等物品。中國唐代是中國歷史上對外交流的活躍期。據(jù)史料記載，唐代中國通使交好的國家多達70多個，那時候的首都長安里來自各國的使臣、商人、留學生云集成群。這個大交流促進了中華文化遠播世界，也促進了各國文化和物產(chǎn)傳入中國。15世紀初，中國明代著名航海家鄭和七次遠洋航海，到了東南亞很多國家，一直抵達非洲東海岸的肯尼亞，留下了中國同沿途各國人民友好交往的佳話。明末清初，中國人積極學習現(xiàn)代科技知識，歐洲的天文學、醫(yī)學、數(shù)學、幾何學、地理學知識紛紛傳入中國，開闊中國人的知識視野。之后，中外文明交流互鑒更是頻繁展開，這其中有沖突、矛盾、疑惑、拒絕，但更多是學習、消化、融合、創(chuàng)新。

In the 2nd century B.C., China began working on the Silk Road leading to the Western Regions. In 138 B.C. and 119 B.C., Envoy Zhang Qian of the Han Dynasty made two trips to those regions, spreading the Chinese culture there and bringing into China grape, alfalfa, pomegranate, flax, sesame and other products. In the Western Han Dynasty, China's merchant fleets sailed as far as India and Sri Lanka where they traded China's silk for colored glaze, pearls and other products. The Tang Dynasty saw dynamic interactions between China and other countries. According to historical documents, the dynasty exchanged envoys with over 70 countries, and Chang'an, the capital of Tang, bustled with envoys, merchants and students from other countries. Exchanges of such a magnitude helped the spread of the Chinese culture to the rest of the world and the introduction into China of the cultures and products from other countries. In the early 15th century, Zheng He, the famous navigator of China's Ming Dynasty, made seven expeditions to the Western Seas, reaching many Southeast Asian countries and even Kenya on the east coast of Africa. These trips left behind many stories of friendly exchanges between the people of China and countries along the route. In late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, the Chinese people began to learn modern science and technology with great zeal, as the European knowledge of astronomy, medicine, mathematics, geometry and geography were being introduced into China, which helped broaden the horizon of the Chinese people. Thereafter, exchanges and mutual learning between the Chinese civilization and other civilizations became more frequent. There were indeed conflicts, frictions, bewilderment and denial in this process. But the more dominant features of the period were learning, digestion, integration and innovation.

佛教產(chǎn)生于古代印度，但傳入中國后，經(jīng)過長期演化，佛教同中國儒家文化和道家文化融合發(fā)展，最終形成了具有中國特色的佛教文化，給中國人的宗教信仰、哲學觀念、文學藝術、禮儀習俗等留下了深刻影響。中國唐代玄奘西行取經(jīng)，歷盡磨難，體現(xiàn)的是中國人學習域外文化的堅韌精神。根據(jù)他的故事演繹的神話小說《西游記》，我想大家都知道。中國人根據(jù)中華文化發(fā)展了佛教思想，形成了獨特的佛教理論，而且使佛教從中國傳播到了日本、韓國、東南亞等地。

Buddhism originated in ancient India. After it was introduced into China, the religion went through an extended period of integrated development with the indigenous Confucianism and Taoism and finally became the Buddhism with Chinese characteristics, thus making a deep impact on the religious belief, philosophy, literature, art, etiquette and customs of the Chinese people. Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang), the Tang monk who endured untold sufferings as he went on a pilgrimage to the west for Buddhist scriptures, gave full expression to the determination and fortitude of the Chinese people to learn from other cultures. I am sure that you have all heard about the Chinese classics Journey to the West, which was written on the basis of his stories. The Chinese people have enriched Buddhism and developed some special Buddhist thoughts in the light of Chinese culture, and helped it to spread from China to Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia and beyond.

2000多年來，佛教、伊斯蘭教、基督教等先后傳入中國，中國音樂、繪畫、文學等也不斷吸納外來文明的優(yōu)長。中國傳統(tǒng)畫法同西方油畫融合創(chuàng)新，形成了獨具魅力的中國寫意油畫，徐悲鴻等大師的作品受到廣泛贊賞。中國的造紙術、火藥、印刷術、指南針四大發(fā)明帶動了世界變革，推動了歐洲文藝復興。中國哲學、文學、醫(yī)藥、絲綢、瓷器、茶葉等傳入西方，滲入西方民眾日常生活之中。《馬可·波羅游記》令無數(shù)人對中國心向往之。

In the course of some two thousand years and more, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity have been introduced into China successively, which allowed the country's music, painting and literature to benefit from the advantages of other civilizations. China's freehand oil painting is an innovative combination of China's traditional painting and the Western oil painting, and the works of Xu Beihong and other masters have been widely acclaimed. China's Four Great Inventions, namely, papermaking, gunpowder, movable-type printing and compass, led to changes in the world, including the European Renaissance. China's philosophy, literature, medicine, silk, porcelain and tea reached the West and became part of people's daily life. The Travels of Marco Polo generated a widespread interest in China.

大家都知道，中國有秦俑，人們稱之為“地下的軍團”。法國總統(tǒng)希拉克參觀之后說：“不看金字塔，不算真正到過埃及。不看秦俑，不算真正到過中國。”1987年，這一塵封了2000多年的中華文化珍品被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)。中國還有大量文明成果被教科文組織列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)、世界非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)、世界記憶遺產(chǎn)名錄。這里，我要對教科文組織為保存和傳播中華文明作出的貢獻，表示衷心的感謝！

Many people know about the terracotta warriors, "the buried legions of Emperor Qin". After his visit to the site, President Chirac of France said that a visit to Egypt will not be complete without seeing the pyramids, and that a visit to China will not be complete without seeing the terracotta warriors. In 1987, this national treasure of China, shrouded in secrecy for over two thousand years, was put on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list. There are many more proud Chinese achievements that have been included in the World Cultural Heritage list, the World Intangible Cultural Heritage list and the Memory of the World list. Here, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to UNESCO for its contribution to the preservation and dissemination of the Chinese civilization.

女士們、先生們、朋友們！

Ladies and Gentlemen,Friends,

當今世界，人類生活在不同文化、種族、膚色、宗教和不同社會制度所組成的世界里，各國人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命運共同體。

Today, we live in a world with different cultures, ethnic groups, skin colors, religions and social systems, and the people of various countries have become members of an intimate community of shared destiny.

中國人早就懂得了“和而不同”的道理。生活在2500年前的中國史學家左丘明在《左傳》中記錄了齊國上大夫晏子關于“和”的一段話：“和如羹焉，水、火、醯、醢、鹽、梅，以烹魚肉。”“聲亦如味，一氣，二體，三類，四物，五聲，六律，七音，八風，九歌，以相成也。”“若以水濟水，誰能食之？若琴瑟之專壹，誰能聽之？”

The Chinese have long come to appreciate the wisdom of "harmony without uniformity". Zuo Qiuming, a Chinese historian who lived 2,500 years ago, recorded in the Chronicle of Zuo the following comments by Yan Ying, Prime Minister of the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period: "Harmony is like cooking the thick soup. You need water, fire, vinegar, meat sauce, salt and plum to go with the fish or meat." "It is the same when it comes to music. Only by combining the texture, length, pace, mood, tone, pitch and style rightly and executing them properly can you produce an excellent melody." "Who can eat the soup with nothing but water in it? What ear can tolerate the same tone played repeatedly on one instrument?"

世界上有200多個國家和地區(qū)，2500多個民族和多種宗教。如果只有一種生活方式，只有一種語言，只有一種音樂，只有一種服飾，那是不可想象的。

There are 200-odd countries and regions, over 2,500 ethnic groups and a multitude of religions in the world today. We can hardly imagine if this world has only one lifestyle, one language, one kind of music and one style of costume.

雨果說，世界上最寬闊的是海洋，比海洋更寬闊的是天空，比天空更寬闊的是人的胸懷。對待不同文明，我們需要比天空更寬闊的胸懷。文明如水，潤物無聲。我們應該推動不同文明相互尊重、和諧共處，讓文明交流互鑒成為增進各國人民友誼的橋梁、推動人類社會進步的動力、維護世界和平的紐帶。我們應該從不同文明中尋求智慧、汲取營養(yǎng)，為人們提供精神支撐和心靈慰藉，攜手解決人類共同面臨的各種挑戰(zhàn)。

Victor Hugo once said, "There is a prospect greater than the sea, and it is the sky; there is a prospect greater than the sky, and it is the human soul." Indeed, we need a mind that is broader than the sky as we approach different civilizations. Civilizations are like water, moistening everything silently. We should encourage different civilizations to respect each other and live in harmony, so that exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations will become a bridge promoting friendship between people around the world, an engine driving progress of human society, and a bond cementing world peace. We should draw wisdom and nourishment and seek spiritual support and psychological consolation from various civilizations, and work together to tackle the challenges facing mankind.

1987年，在中國陜西的法門寺，地宮中出土了20件美輪美奐的琉璃器，這是唐代傳入中國的東羅馬和伊斯蘭的琉璃器。我在欣賞這些域外文物時，一直在思考一個問題，就是對待不同文明，不能只滿足于欣賞它們產(chǎn)生的精美物件，更應該去領略其中包含的人文精神；不能只滿足于領略它們對以往人們生活的藝術表現(xiàn)，更應該讓其中蘊藏的精神鮮活起來。

In 1987, 20 exquisite pieces of colored glaze were excavated at the underground chamber of Famen Temple in Shaanxi, China. These East Roman and Islamic relics were brought into China during the Tang Dynasty. Marveling at these exotic relics, I thought hard and concluded that as we approach the world's different civilizations, we should not limit ourselves to just admiring the exquisiteness of the objects involved. Rather, we should try to learn and appreciate the cultural significance behind them. Instead of only satisfying ourselves with their artistic presentation of people's life in the past, we should do our best to breathe new life into their inherent spirit.

女士們、先生們、朋友們！

Ladies and Gentlemen,Friends,

拿破侖曾經(jīng)說過，世上有兩種力量：利劍和思想；從長而論，利劍總是敗在思想手下。我們要積極發(fā)展教育事業(yè)，通過普及教育，啟迪心智，傳承知識，陶冶情操，使人們在持續(xù)的格物致知中更好認識各種文明的價值，讓教育為文明傳承和創(chuàng)造服務。我們要大力發(fā)展科技事業(yè)，通過科技進步和創(chuàng)新，認識自我，認識世界，改造社會，使人們在持續(xù)的天工開物中更好掌握科技知識和技能，讓科技為人類造福。我們要大力推動文化事業(yè)發(fā)展，通過文化交流，溝通心靈，開闊眼界，增進共識，讓人們在持續(xù)的以文化人中提升素養(yǎng)，讓文化為人類進步助力。

Napoleon Bonaparte once said, "There are only two forces in the world, the sword and the spirit. In the long run the sword will always be conquered by the spirit." We should develop education more actively. Education can open people's mind, impart knowledge, and cultivate temperament. The continued process of learning will enable our people to better appreciate the value of different civilizations. In this sense, education is an effective vehicle for the continuation and creation of civilizations. We should develop science and technology more vigorously. Scientific advancement and innovation can help people understand themselves and the world and be in a stronger position to change their society for the better. The continued process of exploiting nature will enable our people to master still more knowledge and skills. In this sense, science and technology are a powerful tool to make the world a better place for mankind. We should promote cultural undertakings more energetically. Cultural exchanges can help open our hearts to each other, broaden our horizon and build greater consensus among us. The continued process of cultivating people morally and intellectually will result in a higher standard of humanity. In this sense, culture is a big booster for human progress.

女士們、先生們、朋友們！

Ladies and Gentlemen,Friends,

中國人民正在為實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢而奮斗。實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢，就是要實現(xiàn)國家富強、民族振興、人民幸福，既深深體現(xiàn)了今天中國人的理想，也深深反映了中國人自古以來不懈追求進步的光榮傳統(tǒng)。

The Chinese people are striving to fulfill the Chinese dream of the great renewal of the Chinese nation. The Chinese dream of the great renewal of the Chinese nation is about prosperity of the country, rejuvenation of the nation, and happiness of the people. It reflects the ideal of the Chinese people of today as well as the fine tradition of relentlessly seeking progress that we have had since ancient times.

實現(xiàn)中國夢，是物質(zhì)文明和精神文明均衡發(fā)展、相互促進的結果。沒有文明的繼承和發(fā)展，沒有文化的弘揚和繁榮，就沒有中國夢的實現(xiàn)。中華民族的先人們早就向往人們的物質(zhì)生活充實無憂、道德境界充分升華的大同世界。中華文明歷來把人的精神生活納入人生和社會理想之中。所以，實現(xiàn)中國夢，是物質(zhì)文明和精神文明比翼雙飛的發(fā)展過程。隨著中國經(jīng)濟社會不斷發(fā)展，中華文明也必將順應時代發(fā)展煥發(fā)出更加蓬勃的生命力。

The Chinese dream requires balanced development and mutual reinforcement of material and cultural progress. Without the continuation and development of civilization or the promotion and prosperity of culture, the Chinese dream will not come true. Forefathers of the Chinese nation long yearned for a world of great harmony in which people are free from want and follow a high moral standard. In the Chinese civilization, people's cultural pursuit has always been part of their life and social ideals. So the realization of the Chinese dream is a process of both material and cultural development. As China continues to make economic and social progress, the Chinese civilization will keep pace with the times and acquire greater vitality.

每一種文明都延續(xù)著一個國家和民族的精神血脈，既需要薪火相傳、代代守護，更需要與時俱進、勇于創(chuàng)新。中國人民在實現(xiàn)中國夢的進程中，將按照時代的新進步，推動中華文明創(chuàng)造性轉化和創(chuàng)新性發(fā)展，激活其生命力，把跨越時空、超越國度、富有永恒魅力、具有當代價值的文化精神弘揚起來，讓收藏在博物館里的文物、陳列在廣闊大地上的遺產(chǎn)、書寫在古籍里的文字都活起來，讓中華文明同世界各國人民創(chuàng)造的豐富多彩的文明一道，為人類提供正確的精神指引和強大的精神動力。

A civilization carries on its back the soul of a country or nation. It needs to be passed on from one generation to the next. Yet more importantly, it needs to keep pace with the times and innovate with courage. As we pursue the Chinese dream, the Chinese people will encourage creative shifts and innovative development of the Chinese civilization in keeping with the progress of the times. We need to inject new vitality into the Chinese civilization by energizing all cultural elements that transcend time, space and national borders and that possess both perpetual appeal and current value, and we need to bring all collections in our museums, all heritage structures across our lands and all records in our classics to life. In this way, the Chinese civilization, together with the rich and colorful civilizations created by the people of other countries, will provide mankind with the right cultural guidance and strong motivation.

女士們、先生們、朋友們！

Ladies and Gentlemen,Friends,

“等閑識得東風面，萬紫千紅總是春。”明年是教科文組織成立70周年，我相信，在博科娃總干事領導下，教科文組織一定能為推動人類文明交流互鑒、促進世界和平譜寫新的篇章。

謝謝大家。

As an old Chinese poem goes, "When I glance at the visage of vernal breeze, I know that a thousand flowers of purple and red set spring aglow." UNESCO will mark its 70th anniversary next year. I am confident that under the stewardship of Director-General Bokova, the organization will make still more achievements in its efforts to promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations and advance the cause of peace in the world.

Thank you.

（中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 Helen 編輯）