国产av不卡一区二区_欧美xxxx做受欧美_成年人看的毛片_亚洲第一天堂在线观看_亚洲午夜精品久久久中文影院av_8x8ⅹ国产精品一区二区二区_久久精品国产sm调教网站演员_亚洲av综合色区无码一二三区_成人免费激情视频_国产九九九视频

5. 《雙倍的自由勞動(dòng)》 作者：亞歷克斯·利希滕斯坦

Twice the Work of Free Labor by Alex Lichtenstein

Jim Zarroli: It’s a very academic book about the convict-labour system in the south after the Civil War. Rather than being sent to prison, convicts were leased out to businesses, to mines, even to factories for very low amounts of money and they had to do forced labour for years, often as punishment for very mild crimes. And that’s something that continued in the South for years until it was replaced by the chain-gang system in 1908. People would be incarcerated for 10 years for crimes like stealing a pair of globes. Many of the prisoners were African-Americans, freed slaves, and this was almost like a way of re-enslaving them.

推薦人吉姆·扎羅利（Jim Zarroli）：這是一本關(guān)于內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)南方勞改制度（convict-labour system）的學(xué)術(shù)著作。囚犯?jìng)儧]有送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄，而是被租給店鋪、礦井、甚至是工廠。他們的酬勞少得可憐，卻要被迫當(dāng)好多年的勞力，就如同罪行輕微的犯人接受的懲罰。這一制度在南方持續(xù)了數(shù)十年，直到1908年才被帶鐐制度（chain-gang system）所取代。偷一副手套，就會(huì)被監(jiān)禁10年之久。許多犯人是非裔美國(guó)人和被釋放的奴隸，這就好比變相的再次奴役。