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This demands rigorous reform by all nations, including the United States and the countries of Asia. We in the United States are in the middle of a necessary transition: we must save more and spend less. And we must not only save more and spend less, we must borrow less, as well. Our partners must meet this change with changes of their own. There is no way around it: Long-term growth requires stronger and broader-based domestic demand in today's high-saving Asian economies. This will raise living standards across the region, create jobs in America, improve business for many in this room, and help stabilize the global economy.

這要求包括美國和亞洲各國在內的所有國家都大力實行改革。我們美國人正處在一個必要的轉型過程中：我們必須增加儲蓄，減少開支。我們不僅必須多存錢、少花錢，還必須少借錢。我們的合作伙伴也必須自行調整，以應對上述這種變化。沒有任何迂回路徑：長期增長必須要靠今日高儲蓄的亞洲經濟體增加并擴大國內需求。這將提高整個地區的生活水平，在美國創造就業機會，讓在座許多人的生意更紅火，并幫助穩定全球經濟。

For years, my image of the global economy was an inverted pyramid resting on the shoulders of American women, since we are the primary consumers in the world. And therefore, it seems to me that that is no longer a sustainable model. And so we have to change how we do business internally and externally. And, above all, we must reach agreement on the rules and principles that will anchor our economic relationships in the coming decades.

多年來，全球經濟在我看來好似一座坐落在美國婦女雙肩上的倒金字塔，因為我們是全世界的主要消費者。因此，在我看來這不再是一個可持續的模式。所以我們必須改變我們在國內和國外從事商業經營的方式。而最重要的是，我們必須就能在今后幾十年穩固我們的經濟關系的規則和原則達成一致。

Last March in APEC meetings in Washington, I laid out four attributes that I believe characterize healthy economic competition. And these are very simple concepts, easy to say, hard to do: open, free, transparent, and fair. Hong Kong is helping to give shape to these principles and is showing the world their value.

今年3月在華盛頓舉行的亞太經合組織會議上，我闡述了我認為健康的經濟競爭應當具備的四個特征。這些概念簡單明了，但知易行難——開放、自由、透明、公平。香港正在幫忙使上述原則具體化，正在向全世界展示它們的價值。

First, we must seek an open system where any person anywhere can participate in markets everywhere.

首先，我們必須努力建立一個開放的體系，讓任何地區的任何人都能參與任何一處市場。

Second, we must seek a free system, one in which ideas, information, products and capital can flow unimpeded by unnecessary or unjust barriers. That is why President Obama has mobilized a government-wide effort to attract foreign investment to America. Now, in the past, foreign investment has been seen as controversial. But today we know it helps create growth and jobs, and it can attract American dollars held overseas back into the US economy. As we welcome investors to our country, we hope that all investors, including those from America, will receive an enthusiastic welcome overseas.

其次，我們必須努力建立一個自由的體系，讓創意、信息、產品和資本能夠自由流通，不被不必要或不公平的壁壘所阻礙。正是出于這個原因，奧巴馬總統已調動政府各部門努力將外國投資吸引到美國。而在過去，外國投資曾被視為是有爭議的。但現在，我們知道外國投資有助于創造增長和就業機會，還能將海外持有的美元吸引回美國經濟中。在我們歡迎投資者到我國投資的同時，我們也希望包括美國投資者在內的所有投資者都能在海外受到熱情歡迎。

Third, we must seek a transparent economic system. Rules and regulations need to be developed out in the open through consultation with stakeholders. They must be known to all and applied equally to all. Hong Kong is a testament to the power of transparency, good governance, the rule of law, freedom of the press, an independent judiciary, and a vibrant civil society, all of which help to explain why so many people choose to do business here.

第三，我們必須努力建立一個透明的經濟體系。規則和規章應當經與利益相關者共同磋商公開制定。它們必須為所有各方所了解，并平等適用于所有各方。香港展示了透明、良治、法治、新聞自由、司法獨立和一個欣欣向榮的公民社會的力量，所有這些都有助于說明為什么這么多人選擇在香港從事商業經營。

Openness, freedom and transparency contribute to the fourth principle we must ensure: fairness. Fairness sustains faith in the system. That faith is difficult to sustain when companies are forced to trade away their intellectual property just to enter or expand in a foreign market, or when vital supply chains are blocked. These kinds of actions undermine fair competition, which turns many off from competing at all.

開放、自由和透明都為我們必須保障的第四項原則創造了條件，這就是公平。公平能夠保持人們對這個體系的信任。當公司企業為了開辟或擴大一個外國市場而不得不以其知識產權作交換時，或當關鍵的供應鏈被切斷時，這種信任便難以維持。這類行為有損于公平競爭，挫傷了很多人的競爭意愿。

A growing number of countries in Asia are proving the value of these principles. And the United States deeply believes in them, because their value has been proven time and again, not only in times of prosperity but also in times of hardship, as well. At the end of the Vietnam War, there was a thriving commentary around the world on the idea of America’s economic decline. That seems to be a theme that kind of repeats itself every couple of decades. But all the while, then and now, these principles were nurturing a system of entrepreneurship and innovation that allowed two college students to found a small tech startup called Microsoft. And today, they are helping power companies like Solyndra, a green-energy startup in California that began producing solar panels in 2007 and now installs them in more than 20 countries worldwide.

越來越多的亞洲國家正在證明上述原則的價值。美國堅信上述原則，因為其價值一次又一次地得到驗證，不僅是在繁榮時期，而且是在困難時刻。在越戰結束時，全世界有關美國經濟衰退的言論流行一時。這種言論似乎每隔20年便會再次冒頭。然而，從過去到現在，上述原則扶持了一個鼓勵創業和創新的體系，這個體系促使兩名大學生創立了一家名叫微軟的小型科技公司。今天，上述原則正在扶植著像加州綠色能源初創公司Solyndra這樣的能源公司，這家公司自2007年起開始生產太陽能板，現在他們的太陽能板被用于全世界20多個國家。