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（三）大力發展社會事業，促進經濟社會協調發展。各級政府加大對科技、教育、文化、衛生、體育事業的投入，全國財政支出2．82萬億元。

Developing social services and promoting balanced economic and social development. Governments at all levels increased spending on science and technology, education, culture, health, and sports programs, with the total amount reaching 2.82 trillion yuan.

持續提升科技創新能力。加強基礎研究和前沿技術研究。實施國家科技重大專項，突破一些關鍵核心技術，填補了多項重大產品和裝備的空白。天宮一號目標飛行器與神舟八號飛船先后成功發射并順利交會對接，成為我國載人航天發展史上新的里程碑。

We continued to enhance China's scientific and technological innovation capabilities. We strengthened basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies. We carried out major national research and development projects, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in many gaps in important products and technologies. The Tiangong-1 space module and the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were launched, and Shenzhou-8 successfully docked with Tiangong-1, marking a new milestone in China's development of manned spaceflights.

扎實推進教育公平。深入貫徹落實教育改革和發展規劃綱要。經過25年堅持不懈的努力，全面實現九年制義務教育。免除3000多萬名農村寄宿制學生住宿費，其中1228萬名中西部家庭經濟困難學生享受生活補助。建立起完整的家庭經濟困難學生資助體系。初步解決農民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育的問題。推動實施“學前教育三年行動計劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發展職業教育。加強中小學教師培訓工作，擴大中小學教師職稱制度改革試點，提高中小學教師隊伍整體素質。首屆免費師范生全部到中小學任教，90%以上在中西部。

We made solid progress in making education more equitable. We thoroughly implemented the Plan for Education Reform and Development. Thanks to tireless efforts over the past 25 years, we have fully attained the goals of making nine-year compulsory education universally available and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults. Over 30 million rural boarding school students were exempted from accommodation expenses, and 12.28 million of them who are from poor families in the central and western regions received living allowances. A comprehensive system for providing aid to students from poor families was put in place. The children of rural migrant workers were generally granted access to compulsory education in cities where they live. A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the number of children enrolled in preschool increased. We vigorously developed vocational education. We strengthened training of primary and secondary school teachers, expanded trials of reforming the system of conferring professional titles on them, and raised their overall quality. All the graduates of 2011 who received tuition-free education in teachers' colleges and universities went to teach in primary and secondary schools, with over 90% of them working in central and western China.

大力加強文化建設。中央財政加大對文化惠民工程的支持，各地對公益性文化事業投入顯著增加。擴大公共文化設施免費開放范圍，服務面逐步拓展。文化體制改革繼續推進，文化產業快速發展。文物保護、非物質文化遺產保護和傳承取得重要進展。大力加強群眾體育設施建設，全民健身活動蓬勃開展，體育事業取得新成績。

We vigorously strengthened development of the cultural sector. The central government increased financial support for cultural programs that benefit the people, and local governments significantly increased spending on nonprofit cultural programs. We increased the number of public cultural facilities open to the public free of charge, and steadily expanded their services. We continued to reform the cultural system, and cultural industries developed rapidly. Major progress was made in protecting cultural relics and in protecting and passing on China's intangible cultural heritage. We put great effort into building public sports facilities, vigorously developed fitness activities across the country, and made new achievements in sports activities.

積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。基本醫療保險覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，13億城鄉居民參保，全民醫保體系初步形成。政策范圍內住院費用報銷比例提高，重大疾病醫療保障病種范圍進一步擴大。各級財政對城鎮居民醫保和新農合的補助標準由每人每年120元提高到200元。國家基本藥物制度在政府辦基層醫療衛生機構實現全覆蓋，基本藥物安全性提高、價格下降。公立醫院改革試點有序進行。基層醫療衛生服務體系基本建成。基本公共衛生服務均等化取得新進展。

We actively yet prudently carried out reform and development of medical and healthcare services. We further expanded coverage of basic medical insurance, so that now 1.3 billion urban and rural residents are covered. A medical insurance system that covers the whole population is emerging. We raised the reimbursement rate for hospitalization expenses covered by relevant policies, and expanded the range of major diseases for which medical treatment is insured. Governments at all levels increased per-person subsidies for the medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system from 120 yuan per year to 200 yuan per year. We implemented the national system for basic drugs in all community-level medical and health care institutions run by the government, and basic drugs became safer and more affordable. We progressed in an orderly fashion with trials of reforming public hospitals, basically established a community medical and health care service system, and made progress in providing equal access to basic public health services.

（四）切實保障和改善民生，解決關系群眾切身利益的問題。我們堅持民生優先，努力使發展成果惠及全體人民，促進社會公平正義。

4. Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing and solving problems that affect their interests. We continued to put the people's wellbeing first, worked hard to bring the benefit of development to all, and promoted social fairness and justice.

實施更加積極的就業政策。多渠道開發就業崗位，全力推動以創業帶動就業，加強職業技能培訓和公共就業服務體系建設。加大財政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進高校畢業生、農民工等重點人群就業。高校畢業生初次就業率77．8%，同比提高1．2個百分點。農民工總量2．53億人，比上年增長4．4%，其中，外出農民工1．59億人，增長3．4%。

We implemented a more active employment policy. We created jobs through a variety of channels, expanded job opportunities through the creation of new businesses, strengthened vocational skills training, and improved the public employment service system. We increased fiscal, taxation, and financial support to promote employment of university graduates, rural migrant workers, and other key groups. The employment rate for college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year. The number of rural workers totaled 253 million, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year, of whom 159 million worked in towns and cities, up 3.4%.

積極調整收入分配關系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農村居民人均純收入實際增速為1985年以來最高，連續兩年快于城鎮居民；各地普遍較大幅度調高最低工資標準；連續第7年提高企業退休人員基本養老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬人受益；進一步提高城鄉低保補助水平以及部分優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準，對全國城鄉低保對象、農村五保供養對象等8600多萬名困難群眾發放一次性生活補貼；建立社會救助和保障標準與物價上漲掛鉤的聯動機制。擴大中等收入者所占比重。個人所得稅起征點從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬個體工商戶稅負。中央決定將農民人均純收入2300元（2010年不變價）作為新的國家扶貧標準，比2009年提高92%，把更多農村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會的巨大進步。

We adjusted income distribution. We worked hard to increase the income of low-income people. Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the second straight year. We significantly increased the minimum wage across the country. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the year, which benefited over 57 million people. We further increased subsistence allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86 million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five forms of support (food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses). We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise. The proportion of middle-income earners in the whole population increased. We raised the salary threshold for personal income tax from 2,000 yuan to 3,500 yuan. We reduced the tax burden on over nine million self-employed people. The central government set the new poverty line at 2,300 yuan, which was the per capita net income in rural areas at 2010 prices, an increase of 92% over 2009. This resulted in more low-income people being covered by the government's poverty reduction program, which constitutes tremendous social progress.

加強社會保障體系建設。社會保障覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，全國參加城鎮基本養老保險、失業保險、工傷保險和生育保險人數大幅增加。2147個縣（市、區）實施城鎮居民社會養老保險試點，1334萬人參保，641萬人領取養老金。2343個縣（市、區）開展新型農村社會養老保險試點，3．58億人參保，9880萬人領取養老金，覆蓋面擴大到60%以上。解決了500多萬名集體企業退休人員養老保障的歷史遺留問題。將312萬名企業“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養親屬納入工傷保險統籌管理。養老保險跨地區轉移接續工作有序推進。社會保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進基本公共服務均等化取得的重要成就。

We bolstered the development of the social security system. We continued to expand coverage of social security, and the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance for urban residents, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance rose substantially nationwide. We carried out trials of old-age insurance for non-working urban residents in 2,147 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 13.34 million residents, and 6.41 million residents received pensions. We launched trials of a new type of old-age insurance for rural residents in 2,343 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 358 million people, and 98.8 million people received pensions. We extended coverage of this insurance to more than 60% of China's counties. We solved longstanding problems concerning pensions for more than five million retirees of collectively owned enterprises. We included 3.12 million persons who suffer from past work-related injuries and dependents of employees who lost their lives in work-related accidents in workers' compensation insurance. We worked in an orderly way to make it possible to transfer pension accounts between localities. We continued to improve the social security system and made significant progress in extending coverage to all residents. This was an important achievement for ensuring equal access to basic public services for all.

大力推進保障性安居工程建設。出臺關于保障性安居工程建設和管理的指導意見，完善財政投入、土地供應、信貸支持、稅費減免等政策，著力提高規劃建設和工程質量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2．2倍，全年城鎮保障性住房基本建成432萬套，新開工建設1043萬套。

We accelerated the construction of low-income housing. We adopted guidelines on construction and management of low-income housing; improved policies on government input, land supply, credit support, and tax and fee reductions; strove to improve project planning and construction quality; and introduced a system and measures for distributing, managing, and recalling low-income housing. The central government allocated 171.3 billion yuan for these purposes, an increase of 120% over 2010. We basically completed 4.32 million units of low-income urban housing and began construction on a further 10.43 million units.

努力維護社會公共安全。加強安全生產監管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調查、問責工作。完善食品安全監管體制機制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產加工行為。堅持以人為本、服務為先，加強和創新社會管理，著力排查化解各類社會矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動，保持社會和諧穩定。

We worked hard to safeguard public safety. We intensified oversight and supervision of workplace safety and ensured that major accidents were fully investigated and dealt with and those responsible were held accountable. We improved the system and mechanisms for oversight and supervision of food safety, and gave high priority to cracking down on the use of illegal additives and the illegal production and processing of food. We put people and services first, strengthened and made innovations in social administration, strove to investigate and resolve social conflicts, cracked down on crime in accordance with the law, and maintained social harmony and stability.