MUMBAI, India－C.S. Satheesha spells out "A-P-P-L-E" into his phone as he teaches remotely from the only place he can get a signal－a treehouse in his back garden in southern India.

In Kodagu district of Karnataka state, 8-year-old Shreeshma listens to Satheesha's WhatsApp voice notes on her mother's phone on the porch and repeats sentences such as: "This is a cat."

But in a country where schools have been shut for over a year－one of the longest shutdowns in the world, Shreeshma and her fellow peers are among the lucky ones.

According to UNICEF, only one in four children in India has access to digital devices and the internet.

Many families have sold their belongings or taken out loans to buy smartphones for their children to continue their education.

In some rural areas, children have been trekking kilometers up hills and through snake-infested jungles to try and connect to their teachers.

Jean Dreze, a welfare economist, said the situation is bound to exacerbate the already extreme inequalities in education access that reinforce India's class, caste and gender divisions.

"By and large, privileged children are able to continue learning through online education. For poor children, however, online education is a fiction. And no other arrangements have been made for them in most states," Dreze said.

Even before the pandemic, more than 6 million Indian girls and boys were already not going to school, according to UNICEF.

Almost 30 percent of those who did go to school dropped out, with rates for girls and for children from the most marginalized communities higher still.

The pandemic and the heavy blow to the Indian economy－and to the poor who have suffered the most, have only made things worse.

Little choice

With breadwinners out of work, many families have had little choice but to make children drop their books to help make ends meet.

The fear is that many children will not return to study even when schools eventually reopen, creating a "lost generation" of unqualified young people.

"If they feel they cannot catch up, they're less likely to go back to school," said Terry Durnnian, education chief at UNICEF India.

At 60 weeks and counting, only five other countries have seen schools shut for longer than India, affecting 320 million children, according to UNESCO.

The continued closures contrast with easing restrictions on many other areas of activity in India.

Bablu Baghel, who lives in Agra city－h(huán)ome to the Taj Mahal, saw his monthly income of 20,000 rupees ($270) all but dry up, along with visitors to India's top tourist attraction.

The taxi driver's three children have to share his mobile phone to remotely attend their classes. He cannot afford to buy another device.

Imran Salmani, a barber in Agra, saw his earnings shrink 80 percent and now cannot afford to enroll his two girls in the new school year.

Their school sends WhatsApp images in lieu of lessons, with parents expected to teach their children and submit videos of their classwork, a task both have struggled with. "I want to give my daughters all the opportunities I never got," Salmani said. "We are not managing to keep up."

"I want to go back to school," said Aliya, Salmani's 9-year-old daughter.

Agencies via Xinhua