国产av不卡一区二区_欧美xxxx做受欧美_成年人看的毛片_亚洲第一天堂在线观看_亚洲午夜精品久久久中文影院av_8x8ⅹ国产精品一区二区二区_久久精品国产sm调教网站演员_亚洲av综合色区无码一二三区_成人免费激情视频_国产九九九视频

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
China
Home / China / Society

Cluster of ancient stone city sites found in Yulin

Dated 2800 to 1000 BC, the find confirms 'era of 10,000 states' is not fictional

By Qin Feng in Xi'an and Chen Meiling | China Daily | Updated: 2025-12-17 08:49
Share
Share - WeChat
Archaeologists investigate a stone city site in Yulin, Shaanxi province, in October 2020. CHINA DAILY

After six years of investigation, archaeologists have discovered a large-scale ancient city cluster consisting of 573 stone city sites in Yulin, Northwest China's Shaanxi province. This indicates that the region served as a core hub of early Chinese civilization for an extended period, dating back approximately 4,700 to 3,800 years.

City sites are core elements in the formation of ancient civilizations and early states.

"Prior to this survey, fewer than 200 prehistoric city sites had been discovered nationwide, among which only several dozen were stone cities, most of which were located in Yulin and its surrounding areas," said Ma Mingzhi, associate researcher of Yulin's cultural relics and archaeological survey team.

The latest discovery not only multiplies the number but also reveals that among the prehistoric stone city communities in the north, Yulin stands out as the largest in scale, highest in specification, most complete in hierarchy, longest in continuous use, and earliest in construction date. It will serve as a crucial source for exploring the roots of Yellow River culture and ancient Chinese civilization, Ma said.

The discovery breaks the traditional cognition of the "Central Plains-centric theory" and proves that northern Shaanxi with Yulin as its core was once one of the cultural centers of early China, and even the sole center of religion, ritual and royal power during the early Xia Dynasty (c.21st century-16th century BC), according to Ma.

It confirms that the "era of ten thousand states" mentioned in literary legends is not fictional. At present, more than 600 stone cities have been discovered in Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, northwestern Shanxi and northwestern Hebei provinces. It is expected that the total number in this region will exceed 1,000 in the future, which reflects the prosperity of social development and the scale of population aggregation at that time, he said, adding that evidence of rammed earth city sites from the same period has also been discovered, and a new phase of field investigations is currently underway.

Discovered in an area of 80,000 square kilometers, the stone city sites were dated from 2800 BC to 1000 BC. They were first constructed during the late Yangshao period to the middle Xia Dynasty and some remained in use until the late Shang Dynasty (c.16th century-11th century BC).

They were once used for military defense, residential settlement and religious ritual.

The imperial terrace at the Shimao site, for example, has large stone blocks carved with deities such as divine faces, dragons and snakes. Additionally, noble burial grounds and structures suspected to be ancestral temples are distributed across the site, indicating its use for religious and burial purposes.

The planning of the stone cities followed the principle of "hierarchy corresponding to regions".The core areas were inhabited by people of higher social status, while the outer areas were home to those of relatively lower status. The higher the rank of a city site, the more complex its city wall structure, reflecting a clear hierarchical residential planning concept, according to Ma.

These sites are often distributed along the river banks, with several sites in a cluster surrounded by a number of residential areas without defensive structures and cemeteries.

Researchers discuss relics from the stone city sites in Yulin, Shaanxi. CHINA DAILY

From early to later periods, these stone cities experienced an evolutionary process: settlements expanded in scale, spatial layouts evolved from simple to complex, construction techniques advanced from primitive to mature, and the characteristics of hierarchical differentiation gradually intensified.

"It has provided new information for a comprehensive understanding of the origin, development, spread and evolution of prehistoric city sites in northern China," Ma said.

In the next step, the team plans to explore the supporting conditions of the natural environment for subsistence activities and handicrafts, analyzing the regional economic development level at that time, and clarifying the material foundation on which the stone city cluster relied for survival.

In-depth research will be conducted on the formation, development, rise and fall cycle of the unique culture the stone city cluster represents, exploring its interaction and integration process with the cultures of different ethnic groups.

By analyzing the layout, scale and core remains of the stone cities, the degree of social complexity, the origin model of civilization and the formation process of early states at that time will be explored, with a focus on the corresponding relationship between settlements and ritual systems.

The team will also cooperate with universities to carry out archaeological excavations and scientific and technological archaeological testing such as population gene research.

Han Jianye, a professor at the School of History of Renmin University of China in Beijing, said that most of the stone city sites were first built around 4,700 years ago, corresponding to the legendary era of the Yellow Emperor.

The northern Shaanxi region where these sites are located should have been the core of Chinese civilization at that time. Serving as the "prototype" of the Great Wall, these stone cities formed the northern defense line and hold an irreplaceable, significant value for uncovering the structure and characteristics of early Chinese civilization, according to Han.

"The site will provide a 'settlement group' context for the application of the Shimao site as a World Cultural Heritage Site. It will also propel the project to trace the origins of Chinese civilization into deeper and broader dimensions, he added.

Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1994 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
 
精品国产乱码久久久久久影片| 国产精品网站在线看| 国产一区久久| 中文字幕制服丝袜成人av| 夜夜躁日日躁狠狠久久88av| 天天色天天色| 日本精品在线中文字幕| 久久久久国内| 色老汉av一区二区三区| 亚洲一二三四2021不卡| 女女色综合影院| 日韩视频在线观看| 国产成人三级在线观看| 777奇米四色成人影色区| 九九热视频精品在线观看| 国产www视频在线观看| 亚洲美女毛片| 91国产视频在线观看| 欧美日韩视频精品一区二区 | 麻豆久久婷婷| 欧美视频在线播放| 高清国产免费| 玖玖精品在线| 成人免费福利片| 亚洲午夜久久久影院| 玖玖在线免费视频| 色棕色天天综合网| 国产精品国产馆在线真实露脸| 久久亚洲精品毛片| 亚洲欧美视频一区二区| 亚洲精品乱码| 欧美精品色一区二区三区| 美女桃色网站| 97一区二区国产好的精华液| 国产丝袜欧美中文另类| 久久久久久国产免费| 羞羞视频在线观看不卡| 成人在线视频观看| 99这里只有精品视频| 免费人成黄页网站在线一区二区| 欧美电影免费观看完整版| 黄色资源在线看| 国产一区网站| 狠狠躁天天躁日日躁欧美| www.91av.com| 欧美黑人巨大videos精品| 亚洲视频一区二区在线观看| 91精品国产91久久久久久久久 | 欧亚av在线| 国产成人超碰人人澡人人澡| 日韩中文在线视频| 日本三级在线观看网站| 成人自拍视频在线观看| 免费91在线视频| 国产色在线 com| swag国产精品一区二区| 亚洲私拍自拍| 欧美日韩亚洲视频| av小次郎收藏| 日韩精品首页| 欧美一区二区免费视频| 日本黄在线观看| 在线国产一区二区| 欧美体内she精视频| h七七www色午夜日本| 午夜激情一区| 亚洲激情免费观看| 里番在线观看网站| 国产精品一二三四| 中文一区在线观看| 一区二区三区四区在线看| 91麻豆精品国产91久久久| 岛国在线视频免费看| 成人性生交大片免费| 九九99精品| 91欧美日韩| 在线看福利67194| 激情亚洲影院在线观看| 午夜精品久久久久久久久久| 粗大的内捧猛烈进出在线视频| 日韩 欧美一区二区三区| 91精品国产99久久久久久| 日韩美脚连裤袜丝袜在线| 日韩精品中文字幕一区| 欧美videosex性极品hd| 一区二区三区四区在线| 在线资源免费观看| 粉嫩嫩av羞羞动漫久久久| 97精品高清一区二区三区| 国产精品99一区二区| 欧美疯狂性受xxxxx另类| 国偷自产av一区二区三区| 国产一区二区精品在线观看| 久久国产精品久久精品| 91午夜精品| 欧美tk丨vk视频| 欧美性xxx| 精品视频999| 漫画在线观看av| 一本久久精品一区二区| 在线视频中文字幕第一页| 一区二区在线观看不卡| 日本成人一区| 国产精品电影院| 一级理论片在线观看| 国产亚洲一区字幕| 在线播放av片| 国产日产欧美精品一区二区三区| 羞羞的视频免费| 成人黄色在线网站| 美女张开让男人捅| 不卡av电影在线播放| 这里只有视频精品| 日韩欧国产精品一区综合无码| 欧美二区三区91| 三上悠亚亚洲一区| 日韩欧美国产一区二区在线播放| 亚洲成人av观看| 日韩精品一区二区三区在线播放 | 欧美大片欧美激情性色a∨久久| 国产一区二区三区网| 欧美夫妻性视频| 亚洲欧美一级二级三级| 2018中文字幕在线观看| 亚洲精品三级| 污污视频免费看| 影音先锋欧美激情| 亚洲黄色在线观看| 91精品国产调教在线观看| 欧美xxxxbb| 精品国产一区二区三区四区四| 亚洲欧美另类在线观看| 羞羞视频在线观看一区二区| 日韩午夜在线观看| 狂野欧美性猛交xxxx| 久久精品国内一区二区三区| 中文字幕成人在线| 免费在线一区观看| 天天av导航| 久久精品日韩一区二区三区| 久草在线网址| 在线亚洲一区观看| 国产精品色婷婷在线观看| 亚洲欧美日韩国产中文| 日韩大片在线| 久热中文字幕在线精品首页| 国产一区二区不卡在线| 香蕉视频在线观看免费| 亚洲人成人一区二区在线观看| 久久久久黄色| 日韩精品在线免费| 日韩av不卡一区| 污污视频免费看| 亚洲成人av电影在线| 欧美一区国产| 色噜噜亚洲精品中文字幕| 亚洲国产精品第一区二区| h视频在线观看网站| 国产精品久久影院| 黄色在线观看www| 国产午夜精品视频| 亚洲黄页一区| 性综艺节目av在线播放| 欧美午夜无遮挡| 国产精品一区三区在线观看| 久久久久久久久国产精品| 狠狠网亚洲精品| 91麻豆免费在线视频| 一本一本久久a久久精品牛牛影视| 三级在线观看一区二区| 午夜免费播放观看在线视频| 亚洲深夜福利网站| 日韩电影免费一区| av中文天堂在线| 国产香蕉精品视频一区二区三区| 日本视频中文字幕一区二区三区| 成人动漫在线免费观看| 亚洲天堂久久av| 麻豆高清免费国产一区| 亚洲奶水xxxx哺乳期| 欧美成人高清视频| 91毛片在线观看| 播放一区二区| 热久久中文字幕| 国产精品国产自产拍在线| 成人免费91| 国产专区自拍| 亚洲国产电影| 在线看污网站| 日韩欧美视频一区二区三区| 西野翔中文久久精品国产| www成人免费视频| 在线观看日产精品| 牛牛国产精品| 天堂а√在线8种子蜜桃视频| 日韩电影网在线| 美女毛片一区二区三区四区| 成人在线电影网| 欧美一二三四在线| 可以看av的网站久久看| av官网在线播放| 97人人模人人爽人人喊中文字| 欧美激情一区二区在线| 激情小说亚洲色图| av网站免费| 精品亚洲一区二区三区| 国产乱码精品一区二区三区av| 性感美女一区二区在线观看| 国产九色视频| 欧美精品一卡二卡| 麻豆91小视频| 成人国产综合| 天天看天天操| 亚洲免费视频观看| 97久久超碰精品国产| 国产一区二区三区亚洲综合| japanese在线| 精品性高朝久久久久久久| youjizz久久| 久久夜色精品国产噜噜av小说| 猫咪av永久| 俺去亚洲欧洲欧美日韩| 国产精品色哟哟网站| 久久日文中文字幕乱码| 日韩精品成人av| 欧美做爰猛烈大尺度视频| 狠狠躁天天躁日日躁欧美| 一本色道久久综合亚洲精品高清| sm捆绑调教国产免费网站在线观看| 欧美日溪乱毛片| 日韩一区二区三免费高清| 国产福利一区二区三区视频| 国产精品qvod| 免费福利在线视频| 先锋资源中文字幕| 欧美一区二区大片| 成人久久视频在线观看| 日韩三级毛片| av在线天堂| 欧美三级黄视频| 日韩西西人体444www| 99精品欧美一区二区三区小说| 亚洲色图16p| 少妇高潮久久77777| 一个色综合av| 丝袜美腿成人在线| 欧美欧美在线| 欧美zozo| 91蝌蚪视频九色| 亚洲美女中文字幕| 亚洲男女毛片无遮挡| 久久精品主播| 国产精品45p| 在线播放免费av| www.毛片| 久久久av免费| 欧美又粗又大又爽| 国产成人一级电影| 成人aaaa| 亚洲成人av观看| 先锋影音欧美性受| 精品一区二区三区在线观看l| 亚洲欧美日韩国产精品| 精品久久久久久中文字幕大豆网 | 先锋资源一区| 日韩国产高清视频在线| 亚洲国产一区视频| 国产成人精品免费看| 888久久久| 秋霞一区二区三区| 黄色91视频| 精品国产乱码久久久久久影片| 中文字幕一区二区三| 日韩电影在线一区二区三区| 日本欧美三级| 成人影院网站| 成人精品一区二区三区免费| 国内a∨免费播放| 亚洲视频色图| 在线中文字幕日韩| 日韩视频一区二区在线观看| 亚洲亚洲精品在线观看| 99久久精品免费精品国产| 国产精品普通话对白| 国产一区二区三区四区五区传媒| 精品三区视频| 国产精品一卡二卡三卡 | www.麻豆| 国产一级免费看| 韩国精品久久久999| 在线国产精品播放| 精品日本一线二线三线不卡| 91福利视频网站| 亚洲蜜臀av乱码久久精品| 9i在线看片成人免费| 日韩国产在线观看| 激情久久婷婷| 日韩一区三区| h在线观看视频| 国产麻豆永久视频| 51精品国产黑色丝袜高跟鞋| 色婷婷av一区二区三区在线观看| 亚洲国产另类久久精品| 欧美色老头old∨ideo| 精品久久久久久久久久久| 亚洲视频 欧洲视频| 91免费观看视频| 国产精品一级在线| 蜜臀99久久精品久久久久久软件| 国产精品sm| 91精品国产91久久久久久黑人| 婷婷综合电影| 日本国产精品| 红杏aⅴ成人免费视频| 秋霞影院一区| 日韩免费一级| 日韩精品视频中文字幕| 日本国产亚洲| 婷婷精品久久久久久久久久不卡| 亚洲伦乱视频| 国产极品久久久久久久久波多结野 | 伊人色综合久久天天| 久久porn| 妖精一区二区三区精品视频| 久久中文资源| 亚洲精品国产精品粉嫩| 欧美理伦片在线播放| 人体久久天天| jlzzjlzz亚洲女人| 色婷婷亚洲mv天堂mv在影片| 99精品网站| 黄色亚洲精品| 噜噜噜91成人网| 免费观看在线综合色| 精彩视频一区二区| 粉嫩av亚洲一区二区图片| 成人av先锋影音| 国产日韩精品一区二区三区在线| 国产日产欧产精品推荐色| 国产精品国产三级国产aⅴ中文| 亚洲黄色小视频| 欧美日韩亚洲精品内裤| 7777精品伊人久久久大香线蕉 | 国产一区精品二区| 精品按摩偷拍| 91精品国产调教在线观看| 99精品视频免费全部在线| 免费人成在线不卡| www.亚洲免费av| 国产精品国产馆在线真实露脸| 午夜精品123| 欧美丰满嫩嫩电影| 精彩视频一区二区三区| 99国产麻豆精品| 亚洲精品免费视频| 欧美怡红院视频| 日韩成人黄色av| 久久综合久久八八| 亚洲国产黄色片| 久久久黄色av| 思思99热久久精品在线6| 美女激情福利视频在线观看| 免费白浆视频| 精产国品自在线www| 日韩不卡在线| 欧美激情在线精品一区二区三区| 国产精品v日韩精品v欧美精品网站| 美女视频黄免费的久久| 久久精品日韩一区二区三区| 欧美日韩一区二区免费视频| 欧美精品一区二区三区一线天视频| 久久精品福利视频| 国产精品yjizz视频网一二区| 色偷偷免费视频| h片视频在线观看| 国产美女撒尿一区二区| 亚洲激情影院| ww亚洲ww在线观看国产| 色香蕉久久蜜桃| 这里只有视频精品| 伦理欧美一区| 四虎影视2018在线播放alocalhost| av2020不卡| 欧美亚洲精品在线| 麻豆91小视频| 亚洲国产精品久久人人爱蜜臀| 欧美精品一区二区在线播放| 亚洲一卡2卡三卡4卡2021四卡| 成人网免费看| 校园春色亚洲| 91日韩欧美| 久久欧美一区二区| 久久aⅴ乱码一区二区三区| 日本一区二区免费在线观看视频 | 成人手机在线| 欧美理论影院| 欧美影视一区| 欧美韩国日本一区| 日韩激情片免费| 一个人看的www视频免费在线观看|