国产av不卡一区二区_欧美xxxx做受欧美_成年人看的毛片_亚洲第一天堂在线观看_亚洲午夜精品久久久中文影院av_8x8ⅹ国产精品一区二区二区_久久精品国产sm调教网站演员_亚洲av综合色区无码一二三区_成人免费激情视频_国产九九九视频

 
 
 

Plain language activists seek clarity; modern storytelling

2012-06-07 16:15

 

Get Flash Player

Download

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. I'm Christopher Cruise.

JUNE SIMMS: And I'm June Simms. This week on our program, we learn about the international movement for plain language. The aim is to make information easier to understand. And, later, we look at storytelling in the modern age.

(MUSIC)

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Have you ever received an important notice or other document that you could not understand because it was poorly written? Plain language activists around the world know all about that problem. They say people deserve to have materials like tax forms, legal documents and financial statements written clearly and understandably.

Plain language activists seek clarity; modern storytelling

JUNE SIMMS: Last month, some of the world's leading experts on plain language gathered in Washington for the Clarity 2012 conference. Clarity is an international group of lawyers and other professionals. Their common goal is removing needlessly complex language from legal writing.

This was Clarity's fifth international conference. The association began about 30 years ago and now has 650 members in 50 countries.

Clarity focuses on legal writing. But there are other organizations that provide tools and guidance for plain language in business and government. Among them is the Center for Plain Language in Washington. Annetta Cheek is chairwoman of the center.

Plain language activists seek clarity; modern storytelling

ANNETTA CHEEK: "Our goal is to get government and business to speak more clearly, to write more clearly to citizens and customers. Because we think that unclear communication -- confusing, bureaucratic, legalistic communication is beyond annoying. It can be harmful to people that don't understand important information that affects their financial life, their security and what have you."

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: In 2010, Congress passed and President Obama signed the Plain Writing Act. This law requires the federal government to use plain language in newly written public documents such as letters, forms and publications. Ms. Cheek says some progress is being made.

ANNETTA CHEEK: "There is certainly a lot of movement, but it's the government. Writing all that material in plain language is going to take a long time."

She points out that other countries have also taken steps to adopt plain language measures.

ANNETTA CHEEK: "Sweden has the oldest government-wide plain language program. They started a program I think in the late 1970s, and I've been told that it's difficult to find a top-level government document in Sweden that's hard to understand."

Other countries including Norway, Australia, Canada and South Africa are also making efforts to use plain language more in public documents. However, Ms. Cheek says there has not been as much activity in the use of plain language in Asia and the Middle East.

JUNE SIMMS: Christopher Balmford is an expert in clear legal writing and the managing director of Words and Beyond in Australia. He says the issues involved in making English easy to understand are the same as for other languages throughout the world.

CHRISTOPHER BALMFORD: "There's not a language where the people like their sentences to be really long. There's not a language where people like writers to use words that they don't understand. These things are intuitive, cross-cultural."

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: One problem is that some common words may not mean the same thing to the general public as they do to a lawyer. Mr. Balmford says a big part of writing clearly is considering who you are writing for.

CHRISTOPHER BALMFORD: "We need to make sure we use words that put the right pictures in people's minds. And too often traditional legal drafting uses words that won't put the right pictures in people's minds that create these miscues."

JUNE SIMMS: Take the word "instruments." For most people, the word brings to mind pianos, guitars and drums. But not for lawyers.

CHRISTOPHER BALMFORD: "If you say it to lawyers, they think about mortgages, and deeds and debenchers because those documents are what's known as legal instruments."

The process of adopting plain language practices is not always easy for an organization, or an individual.

CHRISTOPHER BALMFORD: "It's easy to write the way you've always written, so making the change is hard. It's probably harder to write in plain language because you need to think deeper and harder about what you're saying."

Christopher Balmford says resistance often comes from lawyers who are concerned that changes in their writing could change the meaning of their documents. But he says more lawyers are moving in the right direction in several countries including Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada.

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: So imagine you have a document that you want to rewrite using plain language. Where is the best place to begin?

CHISTOPHER BALMFORD: "The very best place to start, and it's the best place to end as well, is to find out what current users of the document think."

This is known as document testing or usability testing, and you can learn more about this process on the Internet. You can also find other resources online and in books to learn about writing in plain language.

In English, for example, using the active voice can make a sentence clearer than using the passive voice. The website plainlanguage.gov gives some examples. Here is a sentence in passive voice: "The lake was polluted by the company." Now here it is in active voice: "The company polluted the lake." Another example: "New regulations were proposed" is passive voice. You can make that into active voice by simply writing: "We proposed new regulations."

Now what about this next sentence -- is it active voice or passive voice? Here it is: "The following information must be included in the application for it to be considered complete." That was passive voice. Here it is rewritten into active voice: "You must include the following information in your application."

Mr. Balmford says using more informative headings, graphics and images can also help make a document easier to understand.

JUNE SIMMS: Annetta Cheek at the Center for Plain Language helped get the Plain Writing Act passed in 2010. She says everyone shares in the responsibility for the clarity of the language they get from their government and businesses.

ANNETTA CHEEK: "Don't just accept bad communication. Complain about it. Say that you think as a customer or a citizen you have a right to clear communication. Demand that those organizations communicate clearly with you."

(MUSIC)

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: In an age of video games and the Internet, storytelling is a tradition that remains entertaining and educational even after thousands of years. Storytelling was first developed to pass knowledge from one generation to another. Storytellers use the human voice as well as facial and body movements to make the spoken word compelling.

LINDA GORHAM: "Hup two three four, hup two three four. You can try it with me; hup two three four, hup two three four..."

JUNE SIMMS: Linda Gorham is a storyteller. Her stories, like this one called The Fat Cat, come alive through sounds, rhythms and the repetition of words.

LINDA GORHAM: "And cat says, I'm a fat cat, a real fat cat and I'm really hungry, how about that, Huh."

In The Fat Cat, a hungry cat is never satisfied. Here, Ms. Gorham is performing the story before more than 100 children in a Virginia community center. Her audience is having fun.

CHILD ONE: "It was very creative. And I never heard of the story before. It sounded very cool."

CHILD TWO: "I did like that you can, like imagine it, instead of looking at the pictures of the book."

Ms. Gorham says storytelling is a powerful teaching tool.

LINDA GORHAM: "I call it teaching without preaching. I don't tell a story and then at the end say now here is what you needed to learn. The message should be in the story. If the story is well crafted, you're going to get it."

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Linda Sullivan is president of the Arts Council of Virginia's Fairfax County. The council organizes storytelling performances for school children throughout the county.

LINDA SULLIVAN: "They learn by being engaged. They are not just being talked to, but asked to respond and participate."

LINDA GORHAM: "I want you to try this with me. Ok, ready? Eyes, nose, cheeky cheeky chin, cheeky cheeky chin, nose eyes. Again--Eyes, nose, cheeky cheeky chin, cheeky cheeky chin, nose eyes."

JUNE SIMMS: Story tellers use numerous tools including, theater, dance, and song.

GALE NEMEC: "Hey what's Up? You can't put us away. We have to celebrate Christmas. Excuse me?

And another stocking says, 'We've been waiting for 11 months.'

And another one says, 'We want to be filled with fruit and candy and toys, make girls and boys..."

Gale Nemec is also a story teller. She too was discovered by Fairfax County schools. She says her stories are like short plays and are heavy on character development.

GALE NEMEC: "If you're doing the witch, you need to change your voice and make her sound rather, oooh, witchy, and figure out what kind of motions and how her body might be. If you're doing a story which is perhaps an angel, I'd work on making it softer and smoother and, Oh, look at that wonderful thing."

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Ms. Nemec says stories can also help children who have learning disabilities. She says one of her stories, about elephants, helped a child who had problems with speech and language.

GALE NEMEC: "So the mommy elephant said, 'uh, what do you think we should do?' And the father elephant said, 'uh, I think we should cross to the other side of the river.' Hearing that kind of thing, the child, he started to understand that he could speak. And he started participating more, and speaking more because he was hearing this storytelling going back and forth."

Gale Nemec says storytelling can not only help with disabilities, it can enrich children's lives.

GALE NEMEC: "There is a bear on the bench wants to say hi. And each time a person passes by him, all they can see is a bear with a grin. He waits for the day when he can wave. I wave..."

Storytelling can teach children how to communicate in an engaging and persuasive way. And that is a skill for life.

(MUSIC)

JUNE SIMMS: Our program was written and produced by Brianna Blake, with reporting by Faiza Elmasry. I'm June Simms.

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: And I'm Christopher Cruise. You can find videos about today's program on our website, voaspecialenglish.com. You can also find transcripts and MP3s of our programs, along with podcasts and activities for learning English. Join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English.

Related stories:

One group's fight for understandable language

Workplace stories, teen romance top novels of 2010

Jean Craighead George spent her life in the wilderness or writing about it

Maurice Sendak, 1928-2012: his imagination redefined children's literature

(來源:VOA 編輯:旭燕)

 
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津版權(quán)說明:凡注明來源為“中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津:XXX(署名)”的原創(chuàng)作品,除與中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)簽署英語點(diǎn)津內(nèi)容授權(quán)協(xié)議的網(wǎng)站外,其他任何網(wǎng)站或單位未經(jīng)允許不得非法盜鏈、轉(zhuǎn)載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請(qǐng)與010-84883561聯(lián)系;凡本網(wǎng)注明“來源:XXX(非英語點(diǎn)津)”的作品,均轉(zhuǎn)載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉(zhuǎn)載,請(qǐng)與稿件來源方聯(lián)系,如產(chǎn)生任何問題與本網(wǎng)無關(guān);本網(wǎng)所發(fā)布的歌曲、電影片段,版權(quán)歸原作者所有,僅供學(xué)習(xí)與研究,如果侵權(quán),請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┌鏅?quán)證明,以便盡快刪除。

中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)雙語新聞

掃描左側(cè)二維碼

添加Chinadaily_Mobile
你想看的我們這兒都有!

中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語手機(jī)報(bào)

點(diǎn)擊左側(cè)圖標(biāo)查看訂閱方式

中國(guó)首份雙語手機(jī)報(bào)
學(xué)英語看資訊一個(gè)都不能少!

關(guān)注和訂閱

本文相關(guān)閱讀
人氣排行
熱搜詞
 
 
精華欄目
 

閱讀

詞匯

視聽

翻譯

口語

合作

 

關(guān)于我們 | 聯(lián)系方式 | 招聘信息

Copyright by chinadaily.com.cn. All rights reserved. None of this material may be used for any commercial or public use. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. 版權(quán)聲明:本網(wǎng)站所刊登的中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津內(nèi)容,版權(quán)屬中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)所有,未經(jīng)協(xié)議授權(quán),禁止下載使用。 歡迎愿意與本網(wǎng)站合作的單位或個(gè)人與我們聯(lián)系。

電話:8610-84883645

傳真:8610-84883500

Email: languagetips@chinadaily.com.cn

色婷婷av久久久久久久| 男人本色网站| 男女啪啪网站| 欧美激情一区二区三区高清视频| 亚洲色图第一页| 日韩你懂的电影在线观看| 色视频欧美一区二区三区| 亚洲一区二区在线免费看| 高端美女服务在线视频播放| 最新天堂网www| 天堂在线国产| 久久全国免费久久青青小草| 午夜精品在线视频| 久久99视频精品| 日韩色av导航| 中文字幕欧美日韩va免费视频| 亚洲国产精品字幕| 欧美videos大乳护士334| 欧美高清精品3d| 在线观看精品一区| 色欧美片视频在线观看| 欧美午夜激情小视频| 午夜精品久久久久久久久久 | 伊伊综合在线| а√天堂中文在线资源8| 久草在线视频网站| ririsao久久精品一区| 在线看一级片| 影音先锋男人资源在线| 青草av在线| 尤物yw193can在线观看| 超碰在线网址| 欧美大片黄色| 国产探花在线观看| 97人澡人人添人人爽欧美| 不卡av免费观看| 国产乱码午夜在线视频| 色戒汤唯在线观看| 欧美黑人粗大| 巨大黑人极品videos精品| 欧美jizz18| 天堂精品在线视频| 亚洲高清在线一区| 精品深夜福利视频| 国产欧美高清视频在线| 日本不卡免费一区| 在线看片不卡| 黄色精品免费| 免费视频一区二区三区在线观看| 石原莉奈在线亚洲三区| 久久99国产精品久久| 国产成人夜间影院在线观看| 久久久亚洲成人| 男女猛烈无遮挡| 久久精品国产一区二区三区肥胖| 99久久国产综合精品女小说 | 欧美一区二区| 亚洲视频高清| 久久久xxx| 精品一区二区成人精品| 成人一二三区视频| 中文字幕免费在线观看视频一区| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区孕妇| 亚洲成av人在线观看| 在线影院国内精品| 欧美一卡2卡3卡4卡| 亚洲国内精品在线| 日韩中文娱乐网| 欧美丰满少妇xxxxx做受| 亚洲一区免费在线| 国产成人综合亚洲欧美在| 麻豆视频入口| 亚州av电影免费在线观看| eeuss影院在线播放| 美女网站视频在线| 欧美va在线| 久久97精品| 91久久电影| 欧美一级一区| 不卡视频观看| 亚洲精品666| a黄色在线观看| 136福利第一导航国产在线| 99热播精品免费| 女同另类激情重口| 欧美激情精品久久久六区热门| 久久av一区二区三区| 国产东北露脸精品视频| 欧美国产日产图区| 欧美日韩一区二区免费在线观看 | 欧美日本一道本| 日韩黄色在线免费观看| 久热99视频在线观看| 4hu四虎永久网址| 搞黄在线观看| 头脑特工队2在线播放| 国产理论在线观看| 国产亚洲欧美日韩精品一区二区三区 | 欧美日韩成人在线一区| 亚洲免费av片| 91精品国产高清自在线| 夜夜骑日日操| 写真福利理论片在线播放| 色综合视频一区中文字幕| 在线不卡免费av| 一区二区三区久久精品| 欧美亚洲视频在线观看| 老师我好爽再深一点的视频| 在线视频中文字幕| 免费网站在线观看人| 日本免费一区二区视频| 91精品一区二区三区综合在线爱| 蜜桃视频免费观看一区| 中文字幕第一区二区| 色婷婷国产精品久久包臀| 精品一区电影国产| 影音先锋男士资源站| 四虎永久在线高清国产精品| 免费av在线网站| 国产精品一站二站| 综合视频在线| 成人ar影院免费观看视频| 亚洲综合一区二区三区| 亚洲成人精品视频| 亚洲免费网站观看视频| jlzzjlzz欧美| 怡红院在线观看| 国内精品偷拍| 久久成人精品| 国产精品美女久久久久久久 | 好男人免费精品视频| 超碰这里只有精品| 国产精品久久久久蜜臀| 国产精品一卡二卡在线观看| 亚洲一二三四在线| 亚洲毛片在线观看.| 欧美三级超在线视频| 久久久亚洲精华液精华液精华液 | 欧洲美女少妇精品| 9l亚洲国产成人精品一区二三| brazzers欧美最新版视频| 免费黄色大片| 欧美午夜电影一区二区三区| 一区二区三区国产好| 9色精品在线| 欧美国产精品v| 日韩午夜激情视频| 欧美亚洲在线观看| 三上悠亚在线观看二区| 五月天av在线| 国产高清欧美| 97精品超碰一区二区三区| 欧美视频中文一区二区三区在线观看| 久久精视频免费在线久久完整在线看| 色免费在线观看| 欧美成人视屏| 日韩精品欧美大片| 国内成人精品2018免费看| 亚洲少妇中出一区| 亚洲毛茸茸少妇高潮呻吟| 国内精品露脸在线视频播放| 四虎影院在线域名免费观看| 四虎国产精品免费久久| 亚洲久久一区| 中文字幕日韩一区| 日韩高清不卡av| 国产精品外围在线观看| 色影院视频在线| 日韩成人午夜| 国产精选一区二区三区| 欧美性感美女h网站在线观看免费| www.美女亚洲精品| 日本高清不卡中文字幕| 中文在线免费二区三区| 综合久久婷婷| 国产精品国产三级国产普通话蜜臀| 亚洲国产精品99久久| 国产日韩欧美精品一区二区三区| jizzjizz在线观看| 神马日本精品| 处破女av一区二区| 在线播放视频一区| 欧美一级电影久久| 欧美sm极限捆绑bd| 亚洲电影免费观看高清| 国产精品亚洲第五区在线| 菠萝菠萝蜜在线视频免费观看| 妖精视频一区二区三区免费观看| 岛国一区二区三区| 日韩三级在线观看| 国产xxx在线| 国产福利在线免费观看| 欧美高清日韩| 亚洲美腿欧美偷拍| 久久久精品视频在线观看| 麻豆av观看| 电影一区二区三区久久免费观看| 日韩成人一级大片| 色久综合一二码| 影音先峰男人站| 人人干在线视频| 日韩三级在线| 国产精品家庭影院| 日韩最新在线视频| 97影院手机在线观看| 日韩欧美激情电影| 国产美女视频一区| 欧美一区二区三区四区视频 | 欧美成人免费视频a| 国产福利在线播放麻豆| 欧美国产一级| 最近日韩中文字幕| 久久综合久久八八| 四虎在线免费观看| 一本色道久久综合亚洲精品酒店| 99久久99久久免费精品蜜臀| 亚洲精品国产欧美| 琪琪五月天综合婷婷| 日本黄色成人| 精品一区二区三区在线观看| 69久久夜色精品国产69蝌蚪网| 国内精品久久久久久不卡影院| 久草在线资源站资源站| 国产精品久久久久久久久久妞妞| 精品国产91久久久久久| 一区二区三区四区在线不卡高清 | 丝袜中文在线| 激情综合视频| 欧美午夜视频在线观看| 四虎成人精品在永久在线观看| 99视频免费在线观看| 亚洲精品一级| 欧美性生活大片视频| 国产亚洲精品一区二区在线观看| 麻豆蜜桃在线观看| 青青草精品视频| 欧美一区二区在线看| 免费的色视频| 亚洲第一国产精品| 在线看片网址| 国产极品久久久久久久久波多结野| 男男视频亚洲欧美| 欧美一区二区三区四区高清| 成年网在线观看免费观看网址| 日本电影久久久| www.日韩在线| 在线成人中文字幕| 少妇性bbb搡bbb爽爽爽欧美| 菠萝蜜一区二区| 亚洲一本大道在线| 四虎国产精品永久在线| 日本在线啊啊| 国产在线视频一区二区三区| 日韩欧美国产一区在线观看| 先锋av影院| julia中文字幕一区二区99在线| 久久先锋资源网| 欧美刺激性大交免费视频| 天堂资源在线中文| 99在线|亚洲一区二区| 欧美日韩精品免费| 超碰av女优在线| 美女网站色精品尤物极品姐弟| 日本一区二区免费在线| 国内精品久久久| 国内老司机av在线| 久久成人综合网| 亚洲美女动态图120秒| 一卡二卡三卡亚洲| 五月天激情综合网| 欧美在线观看你懂的| 人人影院免费大片| 97品白浆高清久久久久久| 国产精品视频一二三| 欧美亚洲国产成人精品| 激情视频网站在线播放色| 国产精品原创巨作av| 中文字幕亚洲一区在线观看| 成人综合影院| 久久福利一区| 亚洲精品成a人在线观看| 中文字幕一区免费| 午夜久久影院| 在线综合视频播放| 亚洲视频一区二区| 中文乱码字幕av网站| 日韩精品av| 成人激情视频网站| 蜜月aⅴ免费一区二区三区 | 肉色丝袜一区二区| 亚洲精品国产综合区久久久久久久 | y97精品国产97久久久久久| 久久久久久久久免费视频| 奇米影视在线99精品| 亚洲色图第一页| 快射av在线播放一区| 久草热8精品视频在线观看| 中文字幕v亚洲ⅴv天堂| 麻豆系列在线观看| 久久97超碰国产精品超碰| 日韩中文字幕欧美| 欧美aaaaaaa| 成人污污视频在线观看| 欧美俄罗斯性视频| 韩漫成人漫画| 久久精品视频一区二区三区| 男女交配网站| 国产精品99久久免费| 亚洲人成网站影音先锋播放| 国产精选在线视频拍拍拍| 成人爽a毛片| 欧美日韩国产区| 最新av免费看| 66国产精品| 日韩精品中午字幕| 国产三级电影在线| 欧美aaaaaa午夜精品| 日韩网站免费观看| 女人让男人操自己视频在线观看 | 国产精品情趣视频| 欧美jizzhd精品欧美满| 嗯用力啊快一点好舒服小柔久久| 亚洲自拍偷拍欧美| jizz.www| 天天天综合网| 欧美成人精精品一区二区频| 欧美理论在线观看| 久久精品理论片| 久久国产视频网站| 欧美xxxx做受欧美护士| 中文字幕中文在线不卡住| 国产精品理人伦一区二区三区 | 羞羞答答国产精品www一本| 夜夜嗨av色一区二区不卡| 在线网址91| 99久久免费国产| 日本久久国产| 日韩高清三区| 欧美精选在线播放| 精品成人一区二区三区免费视频| 日本不卡视频一二三区| 免费av在线一区| 成人自拍视频网| 亚洲国产你懂的| 国产精美视频| 天堂影院一区二区| 免费av一区二区| 成人免费91| 色婷婷精品大在线视频| 91在线九色porny| 日韩精品三区四区| 色综合男人天堂| 久久久久久久久久久久电影| 欧美日韩在线一区| 最猛黑人系列在线播放| 青青草97国产精品免费观看无弹窗版| 欧美精品手机在线| 中文幕av一区二区三区佐山爱| 五月婷婷另类国产| 欧亚洲嫩模精品一区三区| 品天堂xxxx高清| 欧美精品97| 在线视频一区二区| 巨胸喷奶水www久久久免费动漫| 亚洲午夜激情av| 男男做性免费视频网| 蜜臀国产一区二区三区在线播放| 国a精品视频大全| 国产精品一区二区三区美女| 欧美日韩精品二区第二页| 77777影视视频在线观看| 91免费国产视频网站| 女同性互吃奶乳免费视频| 中文字幕一区二区av | 成人美女在线观看| 国产老肥熟xxxx在线观看| 亚洲国产精品日韩专区av有中文| 亚洲人成在线电影| 欧美日韩精品一区二区三区视频| 午夜不卡在线视频| 美女毛片在线看| av一区二区不卡| 奇米影视四色在观看线| 亚洲另类自拍| 国内精品模特av私拍在线观看| 久久香蕉精品香蕉| 日韩精品中文字幕在线一区| 2001个疯子在线观看| 亚洲国产va精品久久久不卡综合| 中文字幕网在线| 成人综合在线观看| 午放福利视频在线播放| 亚洲激情网址| 欧美黄色片免费观看| 国产精品极品在线观看| 日韩一级黄色片| 狠狠操一区二区三区| 亚洲香肠在线观看| 欧美男男激情freegay| kk眼镜猥琐国模调教系列一区二区|