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IX. The International Situation and Our External Work

九、國(guó)際形勢(shì)和對(duì)外工作

Peace and development remain the themes of our era. To preserve peace and promote development bears on the well-being of all nations and represents the common aspirations of all peoples. It is an irresistible trend of history. The growing trends toward world multipolarization and economic globalization have brought with them opportunities and favorable conditions for world peace and development. A new world war is unlikely in the foreseeable future. It is realistic to bring about a fairly long period of peace in the world and a favorable climate in areas around China.

和平與發(fā)展仍是當(dāng)今時(shí)代的主題。維護(hù)和平，促進(jìn)發(fā)展，事關(guān)各國(guó)人民的福祉，是各國(guó)人民的共同愿望，也是不可阻擋的歷史潮流。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)的發(fā)展，給世界的和平與發(fā)展帶來(lái)了機(jī)遇和有利條件。新的世界大戰(zhàn)在可預(yù)見的時(shí)期內(nèi)打不起來(lái)。爭(zhēng)取較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的和平國(guó)際環(huán)境和良好周邊環(huán)境是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

However, the old international political and economic order, which is unfair and irrational, has yet to be changed fundamentally. Uncertainties affecting peace and development are on the rise. The elements of traditional and non-traditional threats to security are intertwined, and the scourge of terrorism is more acutely felt. Hegemonism and power politics have new manifestations. Local conflicts triggered by ethnic or religious contradictions and border or territorial disputes have cropped up from time to time. The North-South gap is widening. The world is far from being tranquil and mankind is faced with many grave challenges.

但是，不公正不合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)舊秩序沒有根本改變。影響和平與發(fā)展的不確定因素在增加。傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅的因素相互交織，恐怖主義危害上升。霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治有新的表現(xiàn)。民族、宗教矛盾和邊界、領(lǐng)土爭(zhēng)端導(dǎo)致的局部沖突時(shí)起時(shí)伏。南北差距進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。世界還很不安寧，人類面臨著許多嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。

No matter how the international situation changes, we will, as always, pursue the independent foreign policy of peace. The purpose of China's foreign policy is to maintain world peace and promote common development. We are ready to work with all nations to advance the lofty cause of world peace and development.

不管國(guó)際風(fēng)云如何變幻，我們始終不渝地奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。中國(guó)外交政策的宗旨，是維護(hù)世界和平，促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展。我們?cè)竿鲊?guó)人民一道，共同推進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)。

We stand for going along with the historical tide and safeguarding the common interests of mankind. We are ready to work with the international community to boost world multipolarization, promote a harmonious coexistence of diverse forces and maintain stability in the international community. We will promote the development of economic globalization in a direction conducive to common prosperity, draw on its advantages and avoid its disadvantages so that all countries, particularly developing countries, can benefit from the process.

我們主張順應(yīng)歷史潮流，維護(hù)全人類的共同利益。我們?cè)概c國(guó)際社會(huì)共同努力，積極促進(jìn)世界多極化，推動(dòng)多種力量和諧并存，保持國(guó)際社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定；積極促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化朝著有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)共同繁榮的方向發(fā)展，趨利避害，使各國(guó)特別是發(fā)展中國(guó)家都從中受益。

We stand for establishing a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational. Politically all countries should respect and consult one another and should not seek to impose their will on others. Economically they should complement one another and pursue common development and should not create a polarization of wealth. Culturally they should learn from one another and work for common prosperity and should not exclude cultures of other nations. In the area of security, countries should trust one another and work together to maintain security, foster a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, and settle their disputes through dialogue and cooperation and should not resort to the use or threat of force. We oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics. China will never seek hegemony and never go in for expansion.

我們主張建立公正合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序。各國(guó)政治上應(yīng)相互尊重，共同協(xié)商，而不應(yīng)把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于人；經(jīng)濟(jì)上應(yīng)相互促進(jìn)，共同發(fā)展，而不應(yīng)造成貧富懸殊；文化上應(yīng)相互借鑒，共同繁榮，而不應(yīng)排斥其他民族的文化；安全上應(yīng)相互信任，共同維護(hù)，樹立互信、互利、平等和協(xié)作的新安全觀，通過(guò)對(duì)話和合作解決爭(zhēng)端，而不應(yīng)訴諸武力或以武力相威脅。反對(duì)各種形式的霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治。中國(guó)永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸，永遠(yuǎn)不搞擴(kuò)張。

We stand for maintaining the diversity of the world and are in favor of promoting democracy in international relations and diversifying development models. Ours is a colorful world. Countries having different civilizations and social systems and taking different roads to development should respect one another and draw upon one another's strong points through competition and comparison and should develop side by side by seeking common ground while shelving differences. The affairs of each country should be left to the people of that country to decide. World affairs should be determined by all countries concerned through consultations on the basis of equality.

我們主張維護(hù)世界多樣性，提倡國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化和發(fā)展模式多樣化。世界是豐富多彩的。世界上的各種文明、不同的社會(huì)制度和發(fā)展道路應(yīng)彼此尊重，在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)比較中取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短，在求同存異中共同發(fā)展。各國(guó)的事情應(yīng)由各國(guó)人民自己決定，世界上的事情應(yīng)由各國(guó)平等協(xié)商。

We stand for fighting against terrorism of all forms. It is imperative to strengthen international cooperation in this regard, address both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism, prevent and combat terrorist activities and work hard to eliminate terrorism at root.

我們主張反對(duì)一切形式的恐怖主義。要加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作，標(biāo)本兼治，防范和打擊恐怖活動(dòng)，努力消除產(chǎn)生恐怖主義的根源。

We will continue to improve and develop relations with the developed countries. Proceeding from the fundamental interests of the people of all countries concerned, we will broaden the converging points of common interests and properly settle differences on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, notwithstanding the differences in social system and ideology.

我們將繼續(xù)改善和發(fā)展同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的關(guān)系，以各國(guó)人民的根本利益為重，不計(jì)較社會(huì)制度和意識(shí)形態(tài)的差別，在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上，擴(kuò)大共同利益的匯合點(diǎn)，妥善解決分歧。

We will continue to cement our friendly ties with our neighbors and persist in building a good-neighborly relationship and partnership with them. We will step up regional cooperation and bring our exchanges and cooperation with our surrounding countries to a new height.

我們將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)睦鄰友好，堅(jiān)持與鄰為善、以鄰為伴，加強(qiáng)區(qū)域合作，把同周邊國(guó)家的交流和合作推向新水平。

We will continue to enhance our solidarity and cooperation with other third world countries, increase mutual understanding and trust and strengthen mutual help and support. We will enlarge areas of cooperation and make it more fruitful.

我們將繼續(xù)增強(qiáng)同第三世界的團(tuán)結(jié)和合作，增進(jìn)相互理解和信任，加強(qiáng)相互幫助和支持，拓寬合作領(lǐng)域，提高合作效果。

We will continue to take an active part in multilateral diplomatic activities and play our role in the United Nations and other international or regional organizations. We will support other developing countries in their efforts to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

我們將繼續(xù)積極參與多邊外交活動(dòng)，在聯(lián)合國(guó)和其他國(guó)際及區(qū)域性組織中發(fā)揮作用，支持發(fā)展中國(guó)家維護(hù)自身的正當(dāng)權(quán)益。

We will continue to develop exchanges and cooperation with political parties and organizations of all countries and regions on the principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect and noninterference in each other's internal affairs.

我們將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉內(nèi)部事務(wù)的原則，同各國(guó)各地區(qū)政黨和政治組織發(fā)展交流和合作。

We will continue to carry out extensive people-to-people diplomacy, expand cultural exchanges with the outside world, enhance the friendship between peoples and propel the development of state-to-state relations.

我們將繼續(xù)廣泛開展民間外交，擴(kuò)大對(duì)外文化交流，增進(jìn)人民之間的友誼，推動(dòng)國(guó)家關(guān)系的發(fā)展。

The world is marching toward brightness and progress. The road is tortuous, but the future is bright. The forces for peace, justice and progress are invincible after all.

世界正向著光明和進(jìn)步的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。道路是曲折的，前途是光明的。和平的力量，正義的力量，進(jìn)步的力量，終究是不可戰(zhàn)勝的。

X. Strengthen and Improve Party Building

十、加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)

In a large multi-ethnic developing country like ours, we must spare no efforts to strengthen and improve the Party's leadership and fully advance the great new undertaking of Party building if we are to rally the entire people to work heart and soul in building a well-off society in an all-round way and speed up the socialist modernization drive.

在我們這樣一個(gè)多民族的發(fā)展中大國(guó)，要把全體人民的意志和力量凝聚起來(lái)，全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)，加快推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化，必須毫不放松地加強(qiáng)和改善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，全面推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程。

To strengthen and improve Party building, we must hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, implement the important thought of Three Represents in a comprehensive way and ensure that the Party's line, principles and policies fully reflect the fundamental interests of the people and the requirements of development of our times. We must adhere to the principle that the Party exercises self-discipline and is strict with its members, and further address the two major historical subjects of how to enhance the Party's art of leadership and governance and how to raise the Party's capacity to resist corruption, prevent degeneration and withstand risks. We must acquire an accurate understanding of social progress in contemporary China, and reform and improve the Party's way of leadership and governance and its leadership and working systems so that the Party will be full of vigor and vitality in its work. We must proceed with Party building ideologically, organizationally and in work style in parallel with institutional improvement, not only ensuring a good performance of our day-to-day work, but also tackling prominent issues in good time. Unyielding efforts will be made to ensure that our Party is forever the vanguard both of the Chinese working class and of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation as well as the core of leadership in building socialism with Chinese characteristics and that it always represents the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.

加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)，一定要高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，全面貫徹“三個(gè)代表”重要思想，保證黨的路線方針政策全面反映人民的根本利益和時(shí)代發(fā)展的要求；一定要堅(jiān)持黨要管黨、從嚴(yán)治黨的方針，進(jìn)一步解決提高黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和執(zhí)政水平、提高拒腐防變和抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力這兩大歷史性課題；一定要準(zhǔn)確把握當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)前進(jìn)的脈搏，改革和完善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式和執(zhí)政方式、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制和工作制度，使黨的工作充滿活力；一定要把思想建設(shè)、組織建設(shè)和作風(fēng)建設(shè)有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)，把制度建設(shè)貫穿其中，既立足于做好經(jīng)常性工作，又抓緊解決存在的突出問(wèn)題。通過(guò)鍥而不舍的努力，保證我們黨始終是中國(guó)工人階級(jí)的先鋒隊(duì)，同時(shí)是中國(guó)人民和中華民族的先鋒隊(duì)，始終是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心，始終代表中國(guó)先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求，代表中國(guó)先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向，代表中國(guó)最廣大人民的根本利益。

1. Study and implement the important thought of Three Represents intensively and raise all Party members' level of the Marxist theory. The rise in the Party's ideological and theoretical level is an ideological guarantee for continued progress of the cause of our Party and state. We must highlight the Party's ideological and theoretical building. We must continue to arm all Party members with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thoughtand Deng Xiaoping Theory and usher in a new upsurge in the study and implementation of the important thought of Three Represents. Party members and cadres, particularly senior and middle-rank cadres, should take the lead in studying and acting on the important thought of Three Represents. They should play an exemplary role in studying diligently, using their brains, emancipating their minds, keeping pace with the times and boldly engaging in practice and innovation. We will carry out an intensive education among all Party members in the history of development of Marxism and promote the truth-seeking and pioneering spirit. We will deepen our understanding of the laws on governance by the Communist Party, on building socialism and on development of human society and constantly enrich and develop Marxism.

（一）深入學(xué)習(xí)貫徹“三個(gè)代表”重要思想，提高全黨的馬克思主義理論水平。黨在思想理論上的提高，是黨和國(guó)家事業(yè)不斷發(fā)展的思想保證。必須把黨的思想理論建設(shè)擺在更加突出的位置。堅(jiān)持用馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想和鄧小平理論武裝全體黨員，在全黨興起一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)貫徹“三個(gè)代表”重要思想的新高潮。黨員干部特別是高中級(jí)干部要帶頭學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐“三個(gè)代表”重要思想，成為勤奮學(xué)習(xí)、善于思考的模范，解放思想、與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的模范，勇于實(shí)踐、銳意創(chuàng)新的模范。在全黨深入進(jìn)行馬克思主義發(fā)展史的教育，大力弘揚(yáng)求真務(wù)實(shí)、開拓進(jìn)取的精神，不斷深化對(duì)共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政規(guī)律、社會(huì)主義建設(shè)規(guī)律和人類社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)，不斷豐富和發(fā)展馬克思主義。

2. Build up the Party's governing capacity and improve its art of leadership and governance. Faced with profound changes in the conditions of governance and social environment, Party committees and leading cadres at all levels must, in response to the requirements of the new situation and new tasks, acquire new knowledge, accumulate new experience and develop new abilities in practice, thus living up to the mission assigned to them and the full trust placed on them. They must view the world with broad vision, acquire a correct understanding of the requirements of the times and be good at thinking on a theoretical plane and in a strategic perspective so as to improve their ability of sizing up the situation in a scientific way. They must act in compliance with objective and scientific laws, address promptly the new situation and problems in reform and development, know how to seize opportunities to accelerate development and enhance their abilities of keeping the market economy well in hand. They must correctly understand and handle various social contradictions, know how to balance the relations among different interests, overcome difficulties and go on improving their ability of coping with complicated situations. They must enhance their awareness of law and know how to integrate the adherence to Party leadership and the people being the masters of the country with ruling the country by law and improve their abilities of exercising state power according to law. They must base themselves on the overall interests of the work of the entire Party and the whole country, firmly implement the Party's line, principles and policies, work creatively in light of realities and keep enhancing their ability of commanding the whole situation.

（二）加強(qiáng)黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)，提高黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和執(zhí)政水平。面對(duì)執(zhí)政條件和社會(huì)環(huán)境的深刻變化，各級(jí)黨委和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部要不辱使命、不負(fù)重托，就要適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)新任務(wù)的要求，在實(shí)踐中掌握新知識(shí)，積累新經(jīng)驗(yàn)，增長(zhǎng)新本領(lǐng)。必須以寬廣的眼界觀察世界，正確把握時(shí)代發(fā)展的要求，善于進(jìn)行理論思維和戰(zhàn)略思維，不斷提高科學(xué)判斷形勢(shì)的能力；必須堅(jiān)持按照客觀規(guī)律和科學(xué)規(guī)律辦事，及時(shí)研究解決改革和建設(shè)中的新情況新問(wèn)題，善于抓住機(jī)遇加快發(fā)展，不斷提高駕馭市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的能力；必須正確認(rèn)識(shí)和處理各種社會(huì)矛盾，善于協(xié)調(diào)不同利益關(guān)系和克服各種困難，不斷提高應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜局面的能力；必須增強(qiáng)法制觀念，善于把堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主和依法治國(guó)統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，不斷提高依法執(zhí)政的能力；必須立足全黨全國(guó)工作大局，堅(jiān)定不移地貫徹黨的路線方針政策，善于結(jié)合實(shí)際創(chuàng)造性地開展工作，不斷提高總攬全局的能力。

3. Adhere to and improve democratic centralism and enhance the Party's vitality, solidarity and unity. Democratic centralism is a system that integrates centralism on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance. Inner-Party democracy is the life of the Party and plays an important exemplary and leading role in people's democracy. We should establish and improve an inner-Party democratic system that fully reflects the will of Party members and organizations, starting with the reform of the relevant systems and mechanisms on the basis of guaranteeing the democratic rights of Party members and giving priority to improving the systems of Party congresses and of Party committees. The system of Party congresses with regular annual conferences should be tried out in more cities and counties. We should explore ways to give play to the role of delegates when Party congresses are not in session. In accordance with the principle of collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations and decision by meetings, we should improve the rules of procedure and decision-making mechanism within Party committees in order to give fuller play to the role of plenary sessions of Party committees. We need to reform and improve the inner-Party electoral system. We should establish and improve inner-Party information sharing and reporting systems and the system of soliciting opinions concerning major policy decisions. The centralization and unity of the Party and state are where the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups lie. The whole Party and the entire nation must maintain a high degree of unity with regard to the guiding ideology, line, principles and policies and major questions of principle. All Party members must consciously abide by the principle that individual Party members are subordinate to the organization, that the minority is subordinate to the majority, that lower Party organizations are subordinate to the higher ones and that all the constituent organizations and members of the Party are subordinate to its National Congress and Central Committee. They must safeguard the authority of the Central Committee and ensure that its decisions are carried out without fail. Party organizations at all levels and all Party members, leading cadres in particular, must strictly abide by Party discipline. Under no circumstances should they be allowed to go their own ways in disregard of orders and prohibitions.

（三）堅(jiān)持和健全民主集中制，增強(qiáng)黨的活力和團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一。民主集中制是民主基礎(chǔ)上的集中和集中指導(dǎo)下的民主相結(jié)合的制度。黨內(nèi)民主是黨的生命，對(duì)人民民主具有重要的示范和帶動(dòng)作用。要以保障黨員民主權(quán)利為基礎(chǔ)，以完善黨的代表大會(huì)制度和黨的委員會(huì)制度為重點(diǎn)，從改革體制機(jī)制入手，建立健全充分反映黨員和黨組織意愿的黨內(nèi)民主制度。擴(kuò)大在市、縣進(jìn)行黨的代表大會(huì)常任制的試點(diǎn)。積極探索黨的代表大會(huì)閉會(huì)期間發(fā)揮代表作用的途徑和形式。按照集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、民主集中、個(gè)別醞釀、會(huì)議決定的原則，完善黨委內(nèi)部的議事和決策機(jī)制，進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮黨的委員會(huì)全體會(huì)議的作用。改革和完善黨內(nèi)選舉制度。建立和完善黨內(nèi)情況通報(bào)制度、情況反映制度和重大決策征求意見制度。黨和國(guó)家的集中統(tǒng)一，是全國(guó)各族人民的根本利益所在。在指導(dǎo)思想和路線方針政策以及重大原則問(wèn)題上，全黨全國(guó)必須保持高度一致。全黨同志必須自覺堅(jiān)持個(gè)人服從組織、少數(shù)服從多數(shù)、下級(jí)組織服從上級(jí)組織、全黨服從黨的全國(guó)代表大會(huì)和中央委員會(huì)的原則，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)中央權(quán)威，保證中央的政令暢通。黨的各級(jí)組織和全體黨員特別是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，都要嚴(yán)格遵守黨的紀(jì)律，決不允許有令不行、有禁不止、各行其是。

4. Build a contingent of high-caliber leading cadres and form an energetic and promising leadership. It is a matter of vital importance for maintaining prolonged stability of the Party and state to build a contingent of high-caliber leading cadres capable of assuming heavy responsibilities and withstanding the test of trials and tribulations, and especially to train a large number of outstanding leading cadres for the mission of running the Party, state and army in accordance with the principle of bringing up more revolutionary, younger, better educated and more professionally competent cadres. We should conscientiously implement the regulations on the selection and appointment of leading cadres and make a point of testing and identifying cadres in the practice of reform and development so as to promote to leading positions in good time those who are accredited with ability, integrity and outstanding performance and enjoy popular support. We should make greater efforts to train and select outstanding young cadres, helping them cultivate their Party spirit, pursue theoretical study and gain practical experience so that they will improve in all respects. We should do a better job of training and selecting women cadres, cadres from among ethnic minorities and non-Party cadres. We should continue to do well the work related to retired cadres. We should turn the leading bodies of the Party at all levels into staunch collectives that firmly implement the important thought of Three Represents mainly by improving their qualities, optimizing their composition, refining their work style and enhancing solidarity. We should train more and more successors to the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics so that the cause of the Party and people will be carried forward.

（四）建設(shè)高素質(zhì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部隊(duì)伍，形成朝氣蓬勃、奮發(fā)有為的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層。按照革命化、年輕化、知識(shí)化、專業(yè)化方針，建設(shè)一支能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)重任、經(jīng)得起風(fēng)浪考驗(yàn)的高素質(zhì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部隊(duì)伍，特別是培養(yǎng)造就大批善于治黨治國(guó)治軍的優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人才，是黨和國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安的根本大計(jì)。要認(rèn)真貫徹領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部選拔任用條例，注重在改革和建設(shè)的實(shí)踐中考察和識(shí)別干部，把那些德才兼?zhèn)洹?shí)績(jī)突出和群眾公認(rèn)的人及時(shí)選拔到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位上來(lái)。加大培養(yǎng)選拔優(yōu)秀年輕干部的工作力度，著重幫助他們加強(qiáng)黨性修養(yǎng)、理論學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐鍛煉，全面提高自身素質(zhì)。進(jìn)一步做好培養(yǎng)選拔婦女干部、少數(shù)民族干部和黨外干部的工作。繼續(xù)做好離退休干部工作。以提高素質(zhì)、優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)、改進(jìn)作風(fēng)和增強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié)為重點(diǎn)，把各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子建設(shè)成為堅(jiān)持貫徹“三個(gè)代表”重要思想的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體。必須不斷培養(yǎng)和造就中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的接班人，確保黨和人民的事業(yè)后繼有人。