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3. Advance the development of the western region and bring about a coordinated development of regional economies. The implementation of the strategy for the development of the western region bears on the overall situation of national development, the ethnic unity and the stability in border areas. To lay a solid foundation and go ahead in a down-to-earth manner, we must give priority to infrastructure and ecological environment improvement and strive for breakthroughs in a decade. We must develop industries with local advantages and propel the development of key areas. We should develop science, technology and education and train and make the best use of all human resources. The state should provide the western region with greater support in such areas as investment projects, tax policies and transfer payments, gradually build up long-term and stable sources of funds for its development, improve the investment environment, and guide foreign investment and domestic capital toward that region. People there should further emancipate their minds, enhance their self-development capabilities and explore a new path to accelerated development in reform and opening up.

（三）積極推進西部大開發，促進區域經濟協調發展。實施西部大開發戰略，關系全國發展的大局，關系民族團結和邊疆穩定。要打好基礎，扎實推進，重點抓好基礎設施和生態環境建設，爭取十年內取得突破性進展。積極發展有特色的優勢產業，推進重點地帶開發。發展科技教育，培養和用好各類人才。國家要在投資項目、稅收政策和財政轉移支付等方面加大對西部地區的支持，逐步建立長期穩定的西部開發資金渠道。著力改善投資環境，引導外資和國內資本參與西部開發。西部地區要進一步解放思想，增強自我發展能力，在改革開放中走出一條加快發展的新路。

The central region should redouble its efforts toward structural adjustment, giving impetus to industrialized operation of agriculture, transforming traditional industries, cultivating new economic growth points and speeding up industrialization and urbanization. The eastern region should quicken the pace of upgrading its industrial structure, develop modern agriculture, high and new technology industries and high value-added processing and manufacturing industries and further develop the outward-looking economy. We should encourage the special economic zones and the Pudong New Area in Shanghai to spearhead, among other things, institutional innovation and greater openness. We should support the northeastern region and other old industrial bases in accelerating their adjustments and transformation and support cities and areas mainly engaged in natural resources exploitation in their efforts to develop alternative industries. We should support the old revolutionary base areas and areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in expediting their development. The state should give more support to main grain producing areas. The eastern, central and western regions should strengthen economic exchanges and cooperation to complement one another and secure common development so as to form a number of distinctive economic zones and belts.

中部地區要加大結構調整力度，推進農業產業化，改造傳統產業，培育新的經濟增長點，加快工業化和城鎮化進程。東部地區要加快產業結構升級，發展現代農業，發展高新技術產業和高附加值加工制造業，進一步發展外向型經濟。鼓勵經濟特區和上海浦東新區在制度創新和擴大開放等方面走在前列。支持東北地區等老工業基地加快調整和改造，支持以資源開采為主的城市和地區發展接續產業，支持革命老區和少數民族地區加快發展，國家要加大對糧食主產區的扶持。加強東、中、西部經濟交流和合作，實現優勢互補和共同發展，形成若干各具特色的經濟區和經濟帶。

4. Stick to and improve the basic economic system and deepen the reform of the state property management system. In line with the requirements of releasing and developing the productive forces, we must uphold and improve the basic economic system, with public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side. First, it is necessary to consolidate and develop unswervingly the public sector of the economy. Expansion of the state sector and its control of the lifeline of the national economy is of crucial importance in displaying the superiority of the socialist system and reinforcing the economic strength, national defense capabilities and national cohesion. As an important component of the public sector, the collective sector of the economy plays a significant role in achieving common prosperity. Secondly, it is necessary to encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sectors of the economy. The non-public sector of self-employed, private and other forms of ownership is an important component part of the socialist market economy. They play an important role in mobilizing the initiative of all quarters of the society to quicken the development of the productive forces. Thirdly, we must stimulate the development of the non-public sectors while keeping the public sector as the dominant player, incorporating both into the process of the socialist modernization drive instead of setting them against each other. All sectors of the economy can very well display their respective advantages in market competition and stimulate one another for common development.

（四）堅持和完善基本經濟制度，深化國有資產管理體制改革。根據解放和發展生產力的要求，堅持和完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度。第一，必須毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟。發展壯大國有經濟，國有經濟控制國民經濟命脈，對于發揮社會主義制度的優越性，增強我國的經濟實力、國防實力和民族凝聚力，具有關鍵性作用。集體經濟是公有制經濟的重要組成部分，對實現共同富裕具有重要作用。第二，必須毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持和引導非公有制經濟發展。個體、私營等各種形式的非公有制經濟是社會主義市場經濟的重要組成部分，對充分調動社會各方面的積極性、加快生產力發展具有重要作用。第三，堅持公有制為主體，促進非公有制經濟發展，統一于社會主義現代化建設的進程中，不能把這兩者對立起來。各種所有制經濟完全可以在市場競爭中發揮各自優勢，相互促進，共同發展。

Continuing to adjust the layout and structure of the state sector and reform the state property management system is a major task for deepening economic restructuring. We should give full play to the initiative of both the central and local authorities on the precondition of upholding state ownership. The state should make laws and regulations and establish a state property management system under which the Central Government and local governments perform the responsibilities of investor on behalf of the state respectively, enjoying owner's equity, combining rights with obligations and duties and administering assets, personnel and other affairs. The Central Government should represent the state in performing the functions as investor in large state-owned enterprises, infrastructure and important natural resources that have a vital bearing on the lifeline of the national economy and state security while local governments should represent the state in performing the functions as investors with regard to other state property. The Central Government and the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments should set up state property management organizations. We should continue to explore systems and modes for managing state property effectively. Governments at all levels must strictly abide by the laws and regulations concerning the management of state property, persisting in the separation of government functions from enterprise management and separation of ownership from management so that enterprises can operate independently, assume sole responsibility for their profits or losses and preserve and increase the value of state property.

繼續調整國有經濟的布局和結構，改革國有資產管理體制，是深化經濟體制改革的重大任務。在堅持國家所有的前提下，充分發揮中央和地方兩個積極性。國家要制定法律法規，建立中央政府和地方政府分別代表國家履行出資人職責，享有所有者權益，權利、義務和責任相統一，管資產和管人、管事相結合的國有資產管理體制。關系國民經濟命脈和國家安全的大型國有企業、基礎設施和重要自然資源等，由中央政府代表國家履行出資人職責。其他國有資產由地方政府代表國家履行出資人職責。中央政府和省、市（地）兩級地方政府設立國有資產管理機構。繼續探索有效的國有資產經營體制和方式。各級政府要嚴格執行國有資產管理法律法規，堅持政企分開，實行所有權和經營權分離，使企業自主經營、自負盈虧，實現國有資產保值增值。

State-owned enterprises are the pillar of the national economy. We should deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and further explore diversified forms for effectively realizing public ownership, especially state ownership. We should promote institutional, technological and managerial innovations in enterprises. Except for a tiny number of enterprises that must be funded solely by the state, all the others should introduce the joint-stock system to develop a mixed sector of the economy. Sources of investment must be diversified. The controlling shares in lifeline enterprises must be held by the state. Large and medium state-owned enterprises must continue their reform to convert themselves into standard companies in compliance with the requirements of the modern enterprise system and improve their corporate governance. Monopoly industries should carry out reforms to introduce competition mechanisms. We should form large internationally competitive companies and enterprise groups through market forces and policy guidance. We should give a freer rein to small and medium state-owned enterprises to invigorate themselves. We should deepen the reform of collective enterprises and give more support and help to the growth of the various forms of the collective sector of the economy.

國有企業是我國國民經濟的支柱。要深化國有企業改革，進一步探索公有制特別是國有制的多種有效實現形式，大力推進企業的體制、技術和管理創新。除極少數必須由國家獨資經營的企業外，積極推行股份制，發展混合所有制經濟。實行投資主體多元化，重要的企業由國家控股。按照現代企業制度的要求，國有大中型企業繼續實行規范的公司制改革，完善法人治理結構。推進壟斷行業改革，積極引入競爭機制。通過市場和政策引導，發展具有國際競爭力的大公司大企業集團。進一步放開搞活國有中小企業。深化集體企業改革，繼續支持和幫助多種形式的集體經濟的發展。

We must give full scope to the important role of the non-public sector of self-employed, private and other forms of ownership of the economy in stimulating economic growth, creating more jobs and activating the market. We should expand the areas for the market access of domestic nongovernmental capital and adopt measures with regard to investment, financing, taxation, land use, foreign trade and other aspects to carry out fair competition. We should strengthen the supervision and administration of the non-public sectors according to law to promote their sound development. We should improve the legal system for protecting private property.

充分發揮個體、私營等非公有制經濟在促進經濟增長、擴大就業和活躍市場等方面的重要作用。放寬國內民間資本的市場準入領域，在投融資、稅收、土地使用和對外貿易等方面采取措施，實現公平競爭。依法加強監督和管理，促進非公有制經濟健康發展。完善保護私人財產的法律制度。

5. Improve the modern market system and tighten and improve macroeconomic control. We should give a fuller play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of resources and build up a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system. We should go ahead with reform, opening up, stability and development of the capital market. We should develop markets for property rights, land, labor and technology and create an environment for the equal use of production factors by market players. We must deepen the reform of the distribution system and introduce modern ways of distribution. We must rectify and standardize the order of the market economy and establish a social credit system compatible with a modern market economy. We must get rid of trade monopolies and regional blockades to allow free movement of goods and production factors on markets around the country.

（五）健全現代市場體系，加強和完善宏觀調控。在更大程度上發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，健全統一、開放、競爭、有序的現代市場體系。推進資本市場的改革開放和穩定發展。發展產權、土地、勞動力和技術等市場。創造各類市場主體平等使用生產要素的環境。深化流通體制改革，發展現代流通方式。整頓和規范市場經濟秩序，健全現代市場經濟的社會信用體系，打破行業壟斷和地區封鎖，促進商品和生產要素在全國市場自由流動。