IV. International and Regional Issues
四、國際與地區問題

42. China and the United States stressed the importance of commemorating the 70th anniversary of the UN and reaffirming the commitment to the UN Charter. The two sides expressed support for the United Nations playing an important role in international affairs as the central multilateral organization, and explored effective ways to maintain international peace and security through the UN.
42、中美強調紀念聯合國成立70周年和重申對《聯合國憲章》的承諾具有重要意義。雙方支持聯合國作為中心的多邊國際組織，在國際事務中發揮重要作用，探討通過聯合國維護和平與安全的有效途徑。

43. In recognition of the critical role UN and regional peacekeepers serve in maintaining international peace and security, China and the United States affirm to further increase their robust commitments to international peacekeeping efforts. The Chinese side appreciates the U.S. side' s holding of the Leaders' Summit on Peacekeeping, and welcomes the new contributions to be announced by the U.S. to support peace operations. The United States welcomes the new contributions to be announced by China to support UN peacekeeping efforts. China and United States recognize the need to deepen the partnership between the African Union and the United Nations in peace operations. Both sides look forward to an enhanced discussion with the African Union and other partners to further explore proposals to this end. Both sides agree to continue discussions to deepen cooperation on capacity building for troop- and police-contributing countries.
43、雙方認識到聯合國和區域維和人員維護國際和平與安全的關鍵作用，確認進一步增加對國際維和努力的積極投入。中方贊賞美方舉辦維和峰會，歡迎美方將宣布支持維和行動的新貢獻。美方歡迎中方將宣布支持聯合國維和努力的新貢獻。中美認識到需要深化非盟與聯合國的維和合作。為此，雙方期待同非盟和其他伙伴進一步探討有關倡議。雙方同意繼續討論深化出兵和出警國能力建設合作。

44. China and the United States signed a Memorandum of Understanding that establishes a framework for development cooperation to guide our future collaborative efforts. The MOU recognizes our shared objectives in ending extreme poverty and advancing global development through enhanced collaboration and communication under the principle of development raised, agreed, and led by recipient countries.
44、中美簽署了一份旨在為發展合作建立一個框架的諒解備忘錄，以指導我們未來的協作。這份備忘錄認識到在受援國提出、受援國同意、受援國主導的發展原則下，雙方通過加強協作與溝通，就消除極端貧困及推動全球發展有著共同的目標。

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: China and the United States are committed to advance sustainable and inclusive international development as laid out in the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, through expanded cooperation to end poverty and hunger and the promotion of inclusive economic growth, and protection of the environment. The two sides intend to communicate and cooperate in implementing the Agenda and to help other countries achieve common development goals.
2030年可持續發展議程：中美致力于通過在消除貧困與饑餓、推動包容性經濟增長、保護環境等領域擴大合作，促進新的2030年可持續發展議程中提出的可持續和包容的國際發展。雙方愿就實施該議程進行溝通與合作，幫助其他國家實現共同發展目標。

Food Security: China and the United States decided to enhance cooperation on global food security. The two sides intend to enhance communication and coordination with the government of Timor Leste and share lessons learned in agricultural development and food security while exploring prospects for further cooperation. Separately, the two sides intend to explore opportunities to cooperate on climate smart agriculture to produce more and better food for growing populations, while building the resilience of smallholder farmers. Such efforts may include technical cooperation , such as on climate friendly irrigation and mechanization for smallholder farmers in Africa to advance our shared interest in addressing the impact of climate change and enhancing food security.
糧食安全：中美決定加強全球糧食安全合作。雙方愿加強與東帝汶政府的溝通和協調，分享農業發展和糧食安全領域的經驗，并探討進一步合作的前景。另外，雙方愿探討氣候智能型農業的合作機會，以生產更多、更好的食品，滿足日益增長的人口需求，并增強小農戶的應對能力。這些努力可包括技術合作，如面向非洲小農戶的氣候友好型灌溉和機械化等技術合作，以推進雙方應對氣候變化影響及加強糧食安全方面的共同興趣。

Public Health and Global Health Security: China and the United States decided to enhance concrete cooperation in public health and global health security, accelerating full implementation of the World Health Organization International Health Regulations and assisting at-risk countries to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease threats. The two sides intend to jointly work with the African Union and African Union Member States in the establishment of the Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and collaborate with partner governments of countries in West Africa to strengthen national public health capacities in the wake of Ebola including strengthening the capacity of the cadres of public health and front line health workers. The two sides intend to enhance communication and exchanges regarding aid for health in West Africa. The two sides plan to continue to support and contribute to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.
公共衛生及全球衛生安全：中美決定在公共衛生及全球衛生安全領域加強具體合作，加快全面落實“世界衛生組織國際衛生條例”，并幫助高風險國家預防、檢測和應對傳染病威脅。隨著埃博拉疫情的爆發，雙方計劃與非盟及非盟成員國合作建設非洲疫病預防控制中心，并與西非國家政府協作，以加強國家公共衛生能力，包括加強公共衛生骨干及一線醫療人員的能力。雙方愿就西非地區衛生援助事宜加強溝通交流。雙方愿繼續支持“全球抗擊艾滋病、結核病和瘧疾基金”，并繼續為該基金作出貢獻。

Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response: China and the United States decided to expand cooperation on humanitarian response to disasters. China and the U.S. plan to participate constructively in the May 2016 World Humanitarian Summit. The two sides plan to expand existing cooperation on disaster response through increased support to multilateral mechanisms, including the United Nations International Search and Rescue Advisory Group. The two sides intend to conduct capacity building cooperation for the post-earthquake reconstruction in Nepal through mechanisms that promote collaboration between the international community and the government of Nepal.
人道主義援助與災害應對：中美決定擴大災害人道主義應對合作。中美計劃建設性地參與2016年5月世界人道主義峰會。雙方計劃通過進一步支持包括“聯合國國際搜尋和救援咨詢團”在內的多邊機制，擴大現有災害應對合作。雙方愿通過推動國際社會與尼泊爾政府協作的機制，為尼泊爾震后重建開展能力建設合作。

Multilateral Institutions: China and the United States intend to expand their collaboration with international institutions to tackle key global development challenges.
多邊機構：中美愿擴大與國際機構的合作，以應對關鍵性的全球發展挑戰。

45. The United States supports China's presidency of the G-20 in 2016 and looks forward to working closely with China to promote strong, sustainable and balanced global growth. The two sides support the G-20's important role as the premier forum for strengthening international economic cooperation and coordination. The two sides are committed to working closely with other G-20 members
45、美方支持中方擔任2016年二十國集團(G20)主席國并期待與中方密切合作促進強勁、可持續、平衡的全球增長。中美雙方支持G20作為加強國際經濟合作和協調的首要平臺所發揮的重要作用。雙方致力于與G20其他成員國密切合作

(1) to strengthen macroeconomic policy cooperation to address the shortfall in global aggregate demand and the slow and uneven global recovery by promoting pro-growth fiscal and monetary policies,
加強宏觀經濟政策合作，通過推動鼓勵增長的財政和貨幣政策應對全球總需求不足和緩慢且不平衡的全球經濟復蘇；

(2) to increase potential growth rates through structural reforms and innovation, support a strong G-20 trade and investment agenda, and promote international trade and investment as engines of global growth,
通過結構性改革和創新提升潛在增長率，并支持一份強有力的G20貿易投資議程、推動國際貿易和投資成為全球增長的引擎；

(3) to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
落實2030年可持續發展議程；

(4) to enhance dialogue and cooperation on the policy framework for infrastructure lending, including on environmental standards,
就基礎設施貸款的政策框架，包括環境標準，加強對話和合作；

(5) to phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies by a date certain,and
在某一確定日期之前取消低效的化石燃料補貼；

(6) to strengthen cooperation to assist at-risk states to prevent, detect and respond to infectious disease threats.
加強在幫助高風險國家防范、發現和應對傳染性疾病威脅方面的合作。

V. Global Challenges
五、全球性挑戰

46. The two sides speak highly of the China-U.S. Joint Presidential Statement on Climate Change issued during President Xi Jinping's state visit to the United States. Both sides will work together and with other countries to make the Paris Climate Change Conference a success. The two sides also reaffirm their determination to implement domestic climate policies, strengthen bilateral coordination and cooperation and promote sustainable development and the transition to green, low-carbon and climate-resilient economies. The two countries welcome the outcome of the First Session of the China-U.S. Climate-Smart/Low-Carbon Cities Summit held in Los Angeles on September 15-16, 2015, and look forward to a successful Second Session to be held in Beijing in 2016.

46、雙方高度評價在習近平主席對美國進行國事訪問期間發表的中美元首氣候變化聯合聲明。雙方將攜手并與其他國家一道確保巴黎氣候變化大會取得成功。雙方重申落實國內氣候政策，加強雙邊協調與合作，推進可持續發展及向綠色、低碳和氣候適應型經濟轉型的決心。兩國歡迎2015年9月15日至16日在洛杉磯舉行的第一屆中美氣候智慧型/低碳城市峰會取得的成果，并期待2016年在北京成功舉辦第二屆峰會。

47. The two sides, recognizing the importance and urgency of combating wildlife trafficking, commit to take positive measures to address this global challenge. China and the United States commit to enact nearly complete bans on ivory import and export, including significant and timely restrictions on the import of ivory as hunting trophies, and to take significant and timely steps to halt the domestic commercial trade of ivory. The two sides agreed to further cooperate in joint training, technical exchanges, information sharing and public education on combating wildlife trafficking, and enhance international law enforcement cooperation in this field. China and the United States agree to cooperate with other nations in a comprehensive effort to combat wildlife trafficking.
47、雙方認識到打擊野生動植物非法貿易的重要性和緊迫性，承諾采取積極措施應對這一全球性挑戰。中美承諾在各自國家頒布禁令幾乎完全停止象牙進口和出口，包括明顯且及時限制象牙狩獵紀念物進口，采取明顯且及時步驟停止各自國內象牙商業性貿易。雙方同意進一步開展打擊野生動植物非法貿易的聯合培訓、技術交流、信息共享和公眾宣傳，強化國際執法合作。雙方同意與其他國家合作，以全面開展打擊野生動植物非法貿易工作。

48. China and the United States agree that timely responses should be provided to requests for information and assistance concerning malicious cyber activities. Further, both sides agree to cooperate, in a manner consistent with their respective national laws and relevant international obligations, with requests to investigate cybercrimes, collect electronic evidence, and mitigate malicious cyber activity emanating from their territory. Both sides also agree to provide updates on the status and results of those investigation to the other side, as appropriate.China and the United States agree that neither country's government will conduct or knowingly support cyber-enabled theft of intellectual property, including trade secrets or other confidential business information, with the intent of providing competitive advantages to companies or commercial sectors.
48、中美雙方同意，就惡意網絡活動提供信息及協助的請求要及時給予回應。同時，依據各自國家法律和有關國際義務，雙方同意就調查網絡犯罪、收集電子證據、減少源自其領土的惡意網絡行為的請求提供合作。雙方還同意適當向對方提供調查現狀及結果的最新信息。中美雙方同意，各自國家政府均不得從事或者在知情情況下支持網絡竊取知識產權，包括貿易秘密，以及其他機密商業信息，以使其企業或商業行業在競爭中處于有利地位。

Both sides are committed to making common effort to further identify and promote appropriate norms of state behavior in cyberspace within the international community. China and the United States welcome the July 2015 report of the UN Group of Governmental Experts in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security, which addresses norms of behavior and other crucial issues for international security in cyberspace.
雙方承諾，共同繼續制定和推動國際社會網絡空間合適的國家行為準則。中美雙方歡迎2015年7月聯合國“從國際安全角度看信息和通訊領域的發展”政府專家組報告，該報告旨在處理網絡空間的行為準則和其他涉及國際安全的重要問題。雙方也同意，就此話題建立一個高級專家小組來繼續展開討論。

The two sides also agree to create a senior experts group for further discussions on this topic.China and the United States agree to establish a high-level joint dialogue mechanism on fighting cybercrime and related issues. China will designate an official at the ministerial level to be the lead and the Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Justice, and the State Internet and Information Office will participate in the dialogue. The U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security and the U.S. Attorney General will co-chair the dialogue, with participation from representatives from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Intelligence Community and other agencies, for the United States.
中美雙方同意，建立兩國打擊網絡犯罪及相關事項高級別聯合對話機制。中方將指定一名部級領導牽頭，公安部、國家安全部、司法部和國家網信辦參加。美國國土安全部部長和司法部部長將作為對話的美方共同團長，由聯邦調查局、美國情報委員會和其他部門的代表參加。

This mechanism will be used to review the timeliness and quality of responses to requests for information and assistance with respect to malicious cyber activity of concern identified by either side. As part of this mechanism, both sides agree to establish a hotline for the escalation of issues that may arise in the course of responding to such requests. Finally, both sides agree that the first meeting of this dialogue will be held by the end of 2015, and will occur twice per year thereafter.
該機制對任一方關注和發現的惡意網絡行為所請求的反饋信息和協助的時效性和質量進行評估。作為機制的一部分，雙方同意建立熱線，以處理在響應這些請求過程中可能出現的問題升級。最后，雙方同意對話第一次會議于2015年內舉行，之后每年兩次。

49. The two sides decided to continue to enhance communication and coordination in maritime and fishery affairs through such mechanisms as the Dialogue on Law of the Sea and Polar Issues and the Bilateral Dialogue on Fisheries. The two sides will continue to step up dialogue on ocean protection as well as polar science cooperation, and promote practical cooperation on ocean environment, including national ocean protection and ocean acidification monitoring and assessment. The two sides commit to expand joint research efforts, and will work together on the proposal to establish a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Antarctica's Ross Sea.
49、雙方決定繼續通過海洋法和極地事務對話、漁業對話等機制就海洋和漁業事務加強溝通與協調。雙方將繼續加強保護海洋對話及極地科學合作，推動在國家海洋保護、海洋酸化監測和評估等海洋環保領域的務實合作。雙方同意加強聯合研究，共同就建立南極羅斯海海洋保護區的建議開展工作。

The two sides plan to support the ocean cooperation through additional bilateral efforts, including a partnership between the coastal cities of Xiamen and Weihai in China and San Francisco and New York in the United States to share best practices to reduce the flow of trash into the ocean.
雙方支持通過進一步雙邊努力開展海洋合作，包括中國沿海城市廈門和威海與美國沿海城市舊金山和紐約建立伙伴關系，分享在減少垃圾流入海洋方面的最佳實踐。

（編輯：Helen）