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US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars boosting hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.
The lake, which dates back some 3.4 billion years, appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles and was up to 1,500 feet deep, said the team from the University of Colorado.
"This is the first unambiguous evidence of shorelines on the surface of Mars," said Boulder's research associate, Gaetano Di Achille, in a study published in the latest edition of Geophysical Research Letters.
"The identification of the shorelines and accompanying geological evidence allows us to calculate the size and volume of the lake, which appears to have formed about 3.4 billion years ago."
Analysis of the images has shown the water carved out the canyon in which it was found, which then opened out into a valley depositing sediment which formed a delta.
"Finding shorelines is a holy grail of sorts to us," said assistant professor Brian Hynek, adding it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry.
Scientists believe the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era known as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago, that featured a bombardment of large meteors and extensive flooding.
The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years, according to the study.
Scientists believe deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars as such places on Earth have become the natural deposits of organic carbon and other markers of life.
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(Agencies)
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美國(guó)研究人員日前在火星上找到了一個(gè)古老湖泊的痕跡。這使人們?cè)谠摷t色星球上發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)十億年前生命跡象的希望大大增強(qiáng)。
美國(guó)科羅拉多大學(xué)的研究小組稱，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的湖泊距今已有34億年歷史，占地80平方英里，深達(dá)1500英尺。
科羅拉多大學(xué)波爾得分校的研究助理蓋塔諾?迪亞克雷在研究報(bào)告中稱：“這是首個(gè)證明火星表面有湖岸線的確鑿證據(jù)。”這項(xiàng)研究成果在最新一期《地球物理學(xué)研究快報(bào)》上發(fā)表。
“湖岸線以及其它地質(zhì)證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，使我們可以計(jì)算湖泊的大小和容積。這個(gè)湖泊距今約有34億年歷史。”
對(duì)成像的分析顯示，水流沖刷出了一條溪谷，這條溪谷與一個(gè)山谷相連，流水沉積物還形成一個(gè)的三角洲。
助理教授布萊恩?海尼克說(shuō)： “對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，在火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)湖岸線是一項(xiàng)重大收獲。”他還補(bǔ)充稱，研究表明湖泊存在于人們所認(rèn)為的火星寒冷干旱期。
科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，火星最古老的表面是在溫暖濕潤(rùn)的諾亞坎時(shí)期形成的，距今約41億到37億年，這一時(shí)期火星表面遍布巨大的隕石坑和龐大的水系。
該研究表明，最新發(fā)現(xiàn)的這一湖泊是在赫斯伯利亞紀(jì)時(shí)期形成的，比火星溫暖濕潤(rùn)季的結(jié)束還晚3億年。
科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，湖泊附近的三角洲可能完好地保存有生命存在的秘密，因?yàn)榈厍蛏项愃频娜侵抟彩怯袡C(jī)碳和其它生命標(biāo)志物的天然寄存地。
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（英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 實(shí)習(xí)生許雅寧編輯）
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