国产av不卡一区二区_欧美xxxx做受欧美_成年人看的毛片_亚洲第一天堂在线观看_亚洲午夜精品久久久中文影院av_8x8ⅹ国产精品一区二区二区_久久精品国产sm调教网站演员_亚洲av综合色区无码一二三区_成人免费激情视频_国产九九九视频

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Opinion
Home / Opinion / Global Views

Benefits outweigh risks

The headwinds that globalization has encountered primarily stem from mistakes in domestic economic policies of developed countries

By YI XIAOZHUN | China Daily Global | Updated: 2023-12-01 07:29
Share
Share - WeChat

The headwinds that globalization has encountered primarily stem from mistakes in domestic economic policies of developed countries

WANG JUN/FOR CHINA DAILY

Editor's note: The world has undergone many changes and shocks in recent years. Enhanced dialogue between scholars from China and overseas is needed to build mutual understanding on many problems the world faces. For this purpose, the China Watch Institute of China Daily and the National Institute for Global Strategy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, jointly present this special column: The Global Strategy Dialogue, in which experts from China and abroad will offer insightful views, analysis and fresh perspectives on long-term strategic issues of global importance.

The end of the Cold War gave rise to economic globalization, fueling rapid growth around the world for three decades. The multilateral trade system has long sustained the development, manufacturing and sales of products, creating a lowcost, efficient and interdependent global value chain. The advancement of globalization has been truly remarkable.

According to the World Trade Organization, in the past 70 years, the world trade volume has soared by 45 times and the world economy has grown by 14 times. Globalization has offered tangible opportunities to the developing countries, whose share of world output rose from 24 percent in the 1980s to over 43 percent in 2020. At the same time, developed economies have enjoyed low inflation, low production costs, high efficiency and affordable consumer goods.

Multinational corporations from developed countries have been the main driving force for globalization and the forming of global value chains.

Operated based on comparative advantages, MNCs have moved capital and industrial chains to wherever production and trade costs are most beneficial to them. This model is supported by the WTO rules which provide a legal framework and institutional guarantees for globalization and global value chains.

Through several rounds of multilateral trade negotiations after World War II, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and subsequently the WTO have greatly promoted trade liberalization and facilitation on a global scale, and reduced the costs of trade and operation for MNCs. The WTO's rules on policy transparency have made trade and investment decisions easier for MNCs. The strong binding power of multilateral trade rules and the dispute settlement system have provided a stable and predictable trade policy environment for globalization to make big strides forward.

There is no doubt that globalization has dramatically pushed up global wealth. It has not only benefited the developed countries but also supported many developing countries, including China, India and the countries from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to achieve rapid growth and lift millions of people out of poverty.

Today, however, economic globalization is facing strong headwinds.

But we should not reject globalization because of some problems associated with the process. Although globalization will continue to drive growth in the long run, all agree that it is time for its in-depth recalibration. The global financial crisis in 2008 has slammed a brake on both global growth and globalization. Geopolitical conflicts and the resurgence of trade protectionism, compounded by three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, have struck serious blows to the globalization progress. Even with the pandemic seemingly behind us, global growth keeps sliding.

In the World Economic Outlook report released in October by the International Monetary Fund, global growth is projected to slow from 3.5 percent in 2022 to 3.0 percent in 2023 and 2.9 percent in 2024, well below the historical (2000-19) average of 3.8 percent.

The WTO recently cut its forecast for global trade growth this year in half. The volume of world merchandise trade is now expected to grow only by 0.8 percent, less than half the 1.7 percent increase forecast in April.

Amid the international political and economic turbulence, major developed countries are hyping up deglobalization. This is evident not only in the rise of populism and nationalism in their domestic politics, and the isolationist and protectionist tendencies in their international policies, but also in the "reverse" flow of resources, including production capacity and international capital flowing back from developing countries to developed countries.

We should not fall into the trap of trade protectionism. The aforementioned issues in globalization primarily stem from its mistakes in domestic economic policies, especially the unfair distribution of benefits among different social classes in the process of globalization.

It is not appropriate to blame the problems solely on the liberalization of trade and investment, or shirk responsibility to the WTO and its open and nondiscriminatory multilateral trade rules. What should be done is to properly address social injustice.

For example, decades of globalization have brought enormous wealth to the US, but due to flaws in the domestic wealth distribution system, much of the wealth has gone into the pockets of a rich few. Other social classes have failed to benefit but have become victims.

In contrast, Nordic countries such as Denmark, Norway and Sweden have not seen a backlash against globalization, because they have properly and promptly addressed the social injustice that may come along with globalization. Therefore, other developed economies can learn from the Nordic countries how to better manage globalization.

The multilateral rules-based global economic and trade governance order is in danger of collapsing. In the past year or two, some major trading nations have been harboring an agenda to shift the blame for the social contradictions caused by their flawed domestic wealth distribution. They have sought to replace the WTO's non-discrimination principles with so-called value-based trade, replace multilateral cooperation with that among like-minded countries, obscure unilateral trade protection measures with generalized national security exceptions, and coerce the restructuring of the global value chain through administrative means.

Trade restrictions and unilateral economic sanctions violating WTO principles are being enacted under the guise of national security. Even the dispute settlement system, once hailed as the WTO's crown jewel, has been indefinitely paralyzed. The world's economic system is regressing to the law of the jungle, posing threats to the authority and effectiveness of the WTO.

The struggling economic globalization calls for strengthened multilateral cooperation. The future of globalization depends on the interplay between the market economy and geopolitics. The former will continue to promote globalization, while the latter, driven by some politicians, will spare no effort to suppress it.

The world is facing global challenges more daunting than ever before. Stagflation, a combination of high inflation, high debt, high interest rates and low growth, compounded by the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Palestine conflicts, may trigger a global recession. In addition, humanity is confronted with crises related to global public health, food, energy, debt, refugees, climate change, environment and supply chain decoupling and disruption.

No country, large or small, is immune to these crises or able to respond to them on its own. We need to sit together to work out how to guide economic globalization toward more inclusive, equal and win-win multilateral cooperation, so as to make globalization more resilient.

All countries, especially major ones, should align with the trend of economic globalization, abandon the zero-sum Cold War mentality, shoulder due responsibilities, and adhere to and strengthen the multilateral trade system represented by the WTO.

As a major trading nation, China should steadfastly open up to the outside world and adhere unwaveringly to multilateralism. Through strengthening multilateral cooperation in the G20 and the Bretton Woods system, China has a role to play in reshaping a global economic and trade governance system characterized by collective governance, shared responsibilities and mutual benefits.

 

 

The author is former deputy director-general of the World Trade Organization. The author contributed this article to China Watch, a think tank powered by China Daily.

Contact the editor at editor@chinawatch.cn

Most Viewed in 24 Hours
Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1994 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
国产欧美在线观看视频| 色偷偷偷在线视频播放| 亚洲福利精品在线| 亚洲一区在线| 秋霞综合在线视频| 精品深夜福利视频| 91伊人久久| 国产亚洲一区二区手机在线观看 | 一区二区三区四区在线不卡高清| 久久综合九色九九| 日韩在线视频导航| 国产一区二区三区在线视频| 亚洲区在线播放| 亚洲片国产一区一级在线观看| 日韩高清不卡av| 亚洲国产第一页| 亚洲激情在线视频| 亚洲精品色婷婷福利天堂| 亚洲精品小视频在线观看| 日韩一区二区三区视频在线| 欧美在线观看视频一区二区| 好男人社区在线视频| 美女av一区| 日韩欧美a级成人黄色| 国产91九色蝌蚪| 欧美久久久久免费| 日本精品视频一区二区| 色综合久久综合网| 欧美日韩一区二区免费视频| 欧美性xxxx极品hd欧美风情| 91成人国产精品| 欧美无砖砖区免费| 欧美日韩国产在线观看| 日本在线播放一二三区| 中文字幕国产在线| 日韩精品一二| 国产三级电影在线观看| 午夜激情视频在线观看| 麻豆传媒视频在线| 国产精品186在线观看在线播放| 丝袜美腿av在线| 国产丝袜在线播放| 在线免费日韩片| 欧美a视频在线| 精品视频在线观看免费观看| 精品欧美视频| 电影一区二区在线观看| 丝袜久久网站| 精品国产乱码久久久| 亚洲一区欧美| 国产精品五区| 热久久久久久久| 国产精品夜夜爽| 91在线免费播放| 国产欧美精品一区二区色综合朱莉 | 男女小视频在线观看| 欧美成人明星100排名| 国产私人尤物无码不卡| 韩国av网站在线| a级片在线免费观看| 日韩精品三区| 91欧美极品| 欧美理论电影大全| 狠狠色噜噜狠狠狠狠黑人| 色婷婷综合久久久久| 日韩视频精品在线| 欧美—级高清免费播放| 四虎www视频| 在线观看黄网站免费继续| 激情校园亚洲图片| 亚洲第一视频| 中文字幕伦理免费在线视频| 欧美性xxx| 24小时成人在线视频| 另类图片第一页| 欧美99久久| 新狼窝色av性久久久久久| 国产精品一二三区在线| 国产欧美久久久精品影院| 午夜精品久久久久久不卡8050| 欧美人牲a欧美精品| 亚洲人成免费电影| 久久久久久综合网天天| 国产福利微拍精品一区二区 | 欧美人与性动xxxx| 亚洲视频免费一区| 午夜精品美女自拍福到在线| 怡红院视频网站| 午夜国产视频| 成人精品一区二区三区免费| 色在线中文字幕| 88久久精品| 亚洲色图欧美| 久久久蜜桃一区二区人| 中文在线不卡| 国模叶桐国产精品一区| 最好看的2019的中文字幕视频| 久久人人爽人人| 91啦中文成人| 又黄又爽在线观看| 肉肉视频在线观看| 成人精品国产亚洲| 欧美激情网址| 日韩午夜高潮| 成人18视频在线播放| 艳妇臀荡乳欲伦亚洲一区| 欧美一区二区三区免费在线看| xxxxx成人.com| 久热中文字幕在线精品免费| 国产免费视频| av毛片在线| 午夜免费欧美电影| 亚洲精品久久久| 国产一区二区调教| 亚洲美女视频一区| 欧美日韩在线不卡| 在线看日韩欧美| 欧美乱大交xxxxx在线观看| 5858p先锋影音资源网| 91这里只有精品| 青青草国产一区二区三区| 国产精品久久占久久| 国产一区二三区| 亚洲一卡二卡三卡四卡五卡| 亚洲国产高清高潮精品美女| 91国产美女视频| 夜夜操 天天操| 一区二区三区视频网站| 亚洲欧美在线综合| 欧美午夜一区| 久久色成人在线| 色婷婷综合久色| 日韩中文第一页| 国内精品写真在线观看| 亚洲专区**| 黄色综合网站| 91影院在线免费观看| 色综合av在线| 中国日韩欧美久久久久久久久| 久久99国产精品久久99小说| 性视频一区二区三区| 秋霞国产精品| 欧美91福利在线观看| 99视频一区二区| 欧洲一区在线电影| 日韩在线欧美在线国产在线| 欧洲美女网站| 精精国产xxxx视频在线| 1pon在线| 影音先锋在线中文字幕| 黄色成人免费观看| 欧洲成人综合网| 美国十次综合久久| 国产精品美女久久久| 国产精品国产三级国产专播品爱网| 4438亚洲最大| 免费一区二区三区视频狠狠| 嘿咻视频在线看| 成人免费黄色| 日韩欧美1区| 91在线视频官网| 欧美一级黄色录像| 5g成人永久免费影院| 亚在线播放中文视频| 精品国模一区二区三区欧美| 久久久久久婷| 国产精品高潮呻吟| 日韩精品福利网站| 国产在线观看色| 在线免费观看黄| 亚洲欧美日本伦理| 国产精品一二三| 欧美日韩国产高清一区| www.一区二区三区.com| 日韩在线无毛| 久久久久九九精品影院| 日韩电影在线一区二区| 亚洲成人免费视频| 欧美男插女视频| 国内福利写真片视频在线 | 亚洲精品爱爱久久| 成人影视在线播放| 岳的好大精品一区二区三区| 成人av电影在线网| 日韩一区二区三区电影在线观看| 四虎精品影院在线观看视频| 色欧美激情视频在线| 九九综合久久| 9i在线看片成人免费| 欧美一个色资源| 国产精品69一区二区三区| 女女色综合影院| 欧美色网址大全| 福利片在线看| 中文字幕色婷婷在线视频| 午夜国产精品视频| 国产精品福利一区二区| 伊人久久综合97精品| 免费高清成人| 欧美综合社区国产| 久久精品999| 在线看国产日韩| 四虎成人精品在永久免费| 国产日产一区二区| 91精品国产成人观看| 中文字幕一区二区三区av| 亚洲无av在线中文字幕| 成人毛片高清视频观看| 亚洲国产91视频| 喷水一区二区三区| 欧美日韩国产美女| 国产69精品久久久久9999小说| 黄网av在线| 亚洲看片一区| 日韩欧美亚洲国产一区| 免费视频中文字幕| 婷婷成人激情| 久久精品亚洲欧美日韩精品中文字幕| 中文字幕第一区| xxx一区二区| 日本午夜视频| 欧美重口另类| 国产午夜精品一区二区三区视频| 伊人久久五月天| 在线观看av影片| 亚洲丝袜美腿一区| 中文文精品字幕一区二区| 日韩视频免费在线| 在线视频中文字幕| 国产精品一区二区99| 国产精品久久久久毛片软件| 欧美另类第一页| 高清毛片在线看| 久久久久久免费视频| 日本一区二区在线不卡| 美女少妇精品视频| jizz在线免费观看| 欧美激情1区2区| 色综合中文字幕国产| 欧美xxxxbb| 亚洲精品一区| 久久精品久久综合| 精品欧美一区二区在线观看| 蜜桃特黄a∨片免费观看| 日韩色性视频| 国产传媒日韩欧美成人| 日韩美女在线视频| 四虎国产成人永久精品免费| 加勒比色综合久久久久久久久 | 久久久久久国产免费| 国产女人在线视频| 成人午夜电影在线观看| 午夜激情视频在线| 夜夜嗨一区二区| 日韩欧美在线视频日韩欧美在线视频 | 色综合天天综合网国产成人网| 福利视频导航网| 精品国模一区二区三区欧美| 久久综合九色综合欧美98| 亚洲精品电影网| 国产在线传媒| 天天综合国产| 日本道在线观看一区二区| 国产又爽又黄免费视频| 成人性生活视频| 国产成人av一区二区三区在线| 一区二区三区四区在线观看视频| 飘雪影院手机免费高清版在线观看 | 97视频热人人精品免费| 欧美日韩亚洲精品一区二区三区| 国产精品久久精品牛牛影视| 日韩五码电影| 91亚洲永久精品| 欧美黄网免费在线观看| 日本www在线观看| 天堂资源在线中文精品| 欧美日韩精品系列| 九色porny蝌蚪视频在线观看| 老司机aⅴ在线精品导航 | 亚洲国产精品久久久久婷婷884| 原谅我中文字幕| 福利一区二区| 久久久www成人免费毛片麻豆| 国内偷自视频区视频综合| 福利在线视频网站| 久久精品国产999大香线蕉| 亚洲欧洲午夜一线一品| 青青操在线视频| 亚久久调教视频| 日韩毛片在线看| 国产高清视频免费最新在线| 亚洲三级电影在线观看| 欧美变态凌虐bdsm| 在线免费av观看| 一本久久综合| 亚洲精品720p| 九九热视频在线观看| 鲁大师成人一区二区三区 | 亚洲国产一区二区在线播放| 狠狠色狠狠色综合日日91app| 黄色在线成人| 欧美激情 亚洲a∨综合| aa视频在线观看| 露出调教综合另类| 亚洲影院在线观看| 国产欧美日本亚洲精品一4区| 国产一区二区| 亚洲摸摸操操av| 又黄又湿又爽又免费又色| 91午夜伦伦电影理论片| 国产不卡一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡在线| 国产亚洲精彩久久| 国产欧美一区二区三区沐欲| 一本大道久久精品| 欧一区二区三区| 激情久久综合| 久久精品国产秦先生| 一区二区亚洲欧洲国产日韩| 日本激情视频在线观看| 国产伦理精品不卡| 欧美激情免费在线| 日韩精品99| 国产无人区一区二区三区| 欧美色图第二页| 大奶一区二区三区| 亚洲地区一二三色| av免费在线播放| 亚洲精品v亚洲精品v日韩精品| 午夜欧美视频在线观看| 人人干人人草| 亚洲成人日韩| 亚洲精品美女久久久久| 高清中文字幕一区二区三区| 久久99精品国产| 成人444kkkk在线观看| 欧美第一视频| 亚洲日本va在线观看| 搞黄网站免费观看| 一个色综合网| 亚洲乱码一区二区| av中文字幕电影在线看| 久久夜色精品国产噜噜av| 欧美色图片区| 欧美一级精品| 亚洲精品一区二区三区99| а√天堂8资源在线官网| 国产乱子伦视频一区二区三区 | 亚洲精品7777xxxx青睐| 国产精品任我爽爆在线播放| 一本在线高清不卡dvd| 最新在线地址| 久久精品二区亚洲w码| 69av视频在线播放| 国产伦精品一区二区三区免费优势| 欧美在线不卡一区| 国产精品久久一区二区三区不卡 | 欧美成人免费小视频| 色成人综合网| 欧美性感美女h网站在线观看免费| 影音先锋另类| 国产麻豆精品视频| 狠狠色成人综合网图片区| 亚州综合一区| 日韩免费在线观看| 亚洲夜夜综合| 国产精品高清亚洲| 1024亚洲| 美女视频黄a大片欧美| 欧美乱大交xxxxx另类电影| 国产一区 二区| 欧美久久久一区| 老司机福利在线视频| 久久女同性恋中文字幕| 国产女人av| 在线中文字幕第一区| 色999日韩欧美国产| 少妇高潮一区二区三区99| 欧美视频中文在线看| 黄视频在线播放| 26uuu精品一区二区| 中文字幕一区在线观看| 国产专区自拍| 国产精品啊v在线| 久久大大胆人体| 久久久精品区| 欧美一区二区三区啪啪| 成人性生交大片免费看在线播放| 一区二区中文视频| 美日韩在线观看| 国产一区二区三区免费在线观看| 欧美日韩**字幕一区| 国产日产精品_国产精品毛片| 亚洲精品国产精品国自产观看浪潮| 黄色成人在线网| 亚洲一区二区偷拍精品| 日本一区视频| 国产亚洲精品bt天堂精选| 上原亚衣加勒比在线播放| 天堂一区二区在线| 天堂网www在线中文天堂|