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美國將公布大蕭條時期人口普查資料
Census documenting Great Depression to be released

[ 2012-03-19 16:05]

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During the Great Depression, men waited in Bread Lines for soup and bread – food was generally donated by charities to help those without jobs.(Agencies)

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It was a decade when tens of millions of people in the US experienced mass unemployment and social upheaval as the nation clawed its way out of the Great Depression and rumblings of global war were heard from abroad.

Now, intimate details of 132 million people who lived through the 1930s will be disclosed as the US government releases the 1940 census on April 2 to the public for the first time after 72 years of privacy protection lapses.

Access to the records will be free and open to anyone on the Internet — but they will not be immediately name searchable.

For genealogists and family historians, the 1940 census release is the most important disclosure of ancestral secrets in a decade and could shake the branches of many family trees. Scholars expect the records to help draw a more pointillistic portrait of a transformative decade in American life.

More than 120,000 enumerators surveyed 132 million people for the Sixteenth Decennial Census — 21 million of whom are alive today in the US and Puerto Rico, according to the US Census Bureau.

The survey contained 34 questions directed at all households, plus 16 supplemental questions asked of 5 percent of the population. New questions reflected the government's intent on documenting the turbulent decade, by generating data on homelessness, migration, widespread unemployment, irregular salaries and fertility decline.

Some of the most contentious questions focused on personal income and were deemed so sensitive they were placed at the end of the survey. Less than 300,000 people opted to have their income responses sealed.

(Read by Emily Cheng. Emily Cheng is a journalist at the China Daily Website.)

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(Agencies)

上世紀經濟大蕭條時期，美國深陷其中，數百萬美國人經歷了大規模的失業來襲和社會動亂，而且從全球來看，一戰的陰霾還在持續。

如今，生活在20世紀30年代大蕭條期間的1.32億人的私密詳情將被公開。在72年的隱私保護到期后，美國政府將于4月2日向公眾公布1940年的人口普查結果。

人們可以在網上免費查閱這些記錄，但不會立刻搜索到姓名。

對系譜學家和家庭史專家來說，公布上世紀40年代的普查結果是十年來最重要的上代信息披露，可能會動搖很多家譜的分支。學者希望這份記錄能夠更生動地描繪出美國生活史上這一動蕩年代。

根據美國人口普查局的數據，超過12萬普查人員當年對1.32億人進行了第16次人口普查，人口普查每十年進行一次。如今，參與普查的其中2100萬人仍在世，生活在美國和波多黎各。

此次人口普查包括34個問題，用于所有家庭回答，還有16個補充問題，由其中5%的人口回答。新增問題反映出政府意圖通過生成流浪、遷移、大規模失業、不固定工資、和生育率的下降等數據，來記錄動蕩的年代。

一些最有爭議的問題集中在個人收入，被認為非常敏感，因此列在調查的最末。不到30萬人選擇不予回答。

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（中國日報網英語點津 Julie 編輯：陳丹妮）

Vocabulary:

genealogist: 系譜學家

family tree: 家譜

contentious: 有爭議的

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