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三、2011年的工作

Ⅲ. Work for 2011

2011年，是“十二五”開局之年，做好今年的工作對(duì)于完成“十二五”各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。過去一年，我們的各項(xiàng)工作取得了很大成績。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長10.3%，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在3.3%，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1168萬人，國際收支狀況有所改善。這為做好今年的工作打下了良好基礎(chǔ)。

The year 2011 is the first year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and it is pivotal for us to do a good job this year in order to accomplish all the tasks and objectives set forth in the plan. Last year, we achieved significant results in all our work. GDP rose by 10.3%; the increase in the CPI was held in check at 3.3%; 11.68 million new urban jobs were created; and the balance of payments situation improved. All ofthis laid a good foundation for our work this year.

今年，我國發(fā)展面臨的形勢(shì)仍然極其復(fù)雜。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)將繼續(xù)緩慢復(fù)蘇，但復(fù)蘇的基礎(chǔ)不牢。發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長乏力，失業(yè)率居高難下，一些國家主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)隱患仍未消除，主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體進(jìn)一步推行寬松貨幣政策，全球流動(dòng)性大量增加，國際大宗商品價(jià)格和主要貨幣匯率加劇波動(dòng)，新興市場(chǎng)資產(chǎn)泡沫和通脹壓力加大，保護(hù)主義繼續(xù)升溫。國際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈，不穩(wěn)定不確定因素仍然較多。我國經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中一些長期問題和短期問題相互交織，體制性矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性問題疊加在一起，加大了宏觀調(diào)控難度。我們要準(zhǔn)確判斷形勢(shì)，保持清醒頭腦，增強(qiáng)憂患意識(shí)，做好應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的準(zhǔn)備。

This year, our country still faces an extremely complex situation for development. The world economy will continue to recover slowly, but the foundation for recovery is not solid. Economic growth in developed economies is weak, their unemployment rates are and will remain high, and some countries are still under the threat of their sovereign debt crises. Major developed economies have further eased monetary policies, global liquidity has increased greatly, the prices of major commodities and the exchange rates of major currencies have become more volatile in the international market, asset bubbles and inflationary pressure have grown in emerging markets, protectionism continues to heat up, competition in the international market is becoming mote intense, and there are still many unstable and uncertain factors. Some long-term and short-term problems in Our country's economic activities are intertwined, and institutional incongruities and structural problems are stacked up together, making Our macro-control more difficult. We need to correctly? judge the situation, keep our heads clear, be more mindful of potential dangers, and be prepared to respond to risks.

今年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長8%左右；經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化；居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格總水平漲幅控制在4%左右；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.6%以內(nèi)；國際收支狀況繼續(xù)改善。總的考慮是，為轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境，引導(dǎo)各方面把工作著力點(diǎn)放在加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益上，放在增加就業(yè)、改善民生、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧上。

The major targets for this year's national economic and social development are as follows: to increase GDP by around 8%, further optimize the economic structure, keep the cpr increase around 4%, create more than nine million new urban jobs, keep the registered urban unemployment rate at 4.6% or lower, and continue to improve the balance of payments situation. Our main purpose is to create a good environment for transforming the pattern of economic development, and to guide all sectors to focus their work on accelerating economic restructuring and raising the quality and results of development as well as on increasing employment, improving the people's wellbeing and promoting social harmony.

實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo)，要保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的連續(xù)性、穩(wěn)定性，提高針對(duì)性、靈活性、有效性，處理好保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，更加注重穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平，防止經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)大的波動(dòng)。

To achieve the above targets, we need to maintain continuity and stability in ourmacroeconomic policies; make them more targeted, flexible and effective; correctly strike a balance between maintaining steady yet rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations; pay more attention to maintaining overall price stability; and prevent large economic fluctuations.

繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策。保持適當(dāng)?shù)呢?cái)政赤字和國債規(guī)模。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字9000億元，其中中央財(cái)政赤字7000億元，繼續(xù)代地方發(fā)債2000億元并納入地方預(yù)算，赤字規(guī)模比上年預(yù)算減少1500億元，赤字率下降到2%左右。要著力優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，增加“三農(nóng)”、欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、民生、社會(huì)事業(yè)、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、科技創(chuàng)新等重點(diǎn)支出；壓縮一般性支出，嚴(yán)格控制黨政機(jī)關(guān)辦公樓等樓堂館所建設(shè)，出國（境）經(jīng)費(fèi)、車輛購置及運(yùn)行費(fèi)、公務(wù)接待費(fèi)等支出原則上零增長，切實(shí)降低行政成本。繼續(xù)實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅。依法加強(qiáng)稅收征管。對(duì)地方政府性債務(wù)進(jìn)行全面審計(jì)，實(shí)施全口徑監(jiān)管，研究建立規(guī)范的地方政府舉債融資機(jī)制。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy. We will keep thedeficit and government bonds at appropriate levels. This year, we are projectinga deficit of 900 billion yuan, which consists of a 700 billion yuan central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets. This deficit is 150 billion yuan less than budgeted last year, and the deficit will decrease to around 2% of GDP. We need to focus on optimizing the structure of expenditures. We need to increase expenditures in key areas, such as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; underdeveloped areas; the people's wellbeing; social programs; restructuring; and scientific and technological innovation. We need to decrease ordinary expenditures; strictly control expenditures of Party and government bodies on office buildings and other facilities; keep the budgets for travel abroad, the purchase and operating costs of motor vehicles, and official entertainment at their present level in principle without any increase; and genuinely decrease administrative costs. We will continue to implement structural tax reductions.We will strengthen tax collection and administration in accordance with the law. We will comprehensively audit local government debt, carry out complete oversight .and control, and establish a standardized financing mechanism for local governments to borrow money.

實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。保持合理的社會(huì)融資規(guī)模，廣義貨幣增長目標(biāo)為16%。健全宏觀審慎政策框架，綜合運(yùn)用價(jià)格和數(shù)量工具，提高貨幣政策有效性。提高直接融資比重，發(fā)揮好股票、債券、產(chǎn)業(yè)基金等融資工具的作用，更好地滿足多樣化投融資需求。著力優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)商業(yè)銀行加大重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的信貸支持，嚴(yán)格控制對(duì)“兩高”行業(yè)和產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)貸款。進(jìn)一步完善人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制。密切監(jiān)控跨境資本流動(dòng)，防范“熱錢”流入。加強(qiáng)儲(chǔ)備資產(chǎn)的投資和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，提高投資收益。

We will implement a prudent monetary policy. We will keep financing from all sources at an appropriate level, and we have set a target of a 16% increase in the broad money supply (M2). We will improve our policy framework for comprehensively exercising caution and utilize the tools of prices and quantity in an integrated manner to make our monetary policy more effective. We will increase the proportion of direct financing, and make full use of financing tools such as stocks, bonds and private equities to better satisfy the diverse demands for investment and financing. We will strive to optimize the credit structure, guide commercial banks to in crease credit support to key areas and weak links, and strictly control loans to industries that consume large quantities of energy and resources, are highly polluting or have excess capacity. We will further improve the. mechanism for setting RMB exchange rates. We will closely monitor and control cross-border capital flows and prevent the influx of hot money. We will strengthen investment management and risk management over our foreign exchange reserves and increase the returns on our investments.

今年，重點(diǎn)要做好以下幾方面工作。

This year, our focus is on doing the following work well.

（一）保持物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定

1. Keeping overall price levels basically stable

當(dāng)前，物價(jià)上漲較快，通脹預(yù)期增強(qiáng)，這個(gè)問題涉及民生、關(guān)系全局、影響穩(wěn)定。要把穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)，充分發(fā)揮我國主要工業(yè)品總體供大于求、糧食庫存充裕、外匯儲(chǔ)備較多等有利條件，努力消除輸入性、結(jié)構(gòu)性通脹因素的不利影響，消化要素成本上漲壓力，正確引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)預(yù)期，堅(jiān)決抑制價(jià)格上漲勢(shì)頭。要以經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律手段為主，輔之以必要的行政手段，全面加強(qiáng)價(jià)格調(diào)控和監(jiān)管。一是有效管理市場(chǎng)流動(dòng)性，控制物價(jià)過快上漲的貨幣條件。把握好政府管理商品和服務(wù)價(jià)格的調(diào)整時(shí)機(jī)、節(jié)奏和力度。二是大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，保障主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、基本生活必需品、重要生產(chǎn)資料的生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)。落實(shí)“米袋子”省長負(fù)責(zé)制和“菜籃子”市長負(fù)責(zé)制。三是加強(qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通體系建設(shè)，積極開展“農(nóng)超對(duì)接”，暢通鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸“綠色通道”。完善重要商品儲(chǔ)備制度和主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)制度，把握好國家儲(chǔ)備吞吐調(diào)控時(shí)機(jī)，搞好進(jìn)出口調(diào)節(jié)，增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控能力。四是加強(qiáng)價(jià)格監(jiān)管，維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序。特別要強(qiáng)化價(jià)格執(zhí)法，嚴(yán)肅查處惡意炒作、串通漲價(jià)、哄抬價(jià)格等不法行為。五是完善補(bǔ)貼制度，建立健全社會(huì)救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價(jià)上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制，絕不能讓物價(jià)上漲影響低收入群眾的正常生活。

Recently, prices have risen fairly quickly and inflation expectations have increased. This problem concerns the people's wellbeing, bears on overall interests and affects social stability. We must therefore make it our top priority in macroeconomic control to keep overall price levels stable. We need to make the most of favorable conditions, such as an ample supply of manufactured goods and our abundant grain reserves and considerable foreign exchange reserves, endeavor to overcome the adverse effects of imported and structural inflation, cushion the upward pressure for costs of factors of production, and correctly guide market expectations to resolutely curb price rises. We need to comprehensively strengthen our work controlling and monitoring prices mainly through economic and legal methods supplemented by administrative means when necessary. First, we will effectively manage market liquidity and control the monetary conditions for commodity prices rising too rapidly. We will decide proper timing, frequency and intensity of price adjustments for goods and services whose prices are regulated by the government. Second, we will vigorously develop production and ensure the production and supply of major farm products, daily necessities and important means of production. We will effectively implement the system of provincial governors taking responsibility for the "rice bag" (grain supply) program and city mayors taking responsibility for the "vegetable basket" (non-grain food supply) program. Third, we will develop the distribution system for farm products, actively encourage farmers and stores to link up, and guarantee the unimpeded transport of fresh farm products through "green channels," where vehicles carrying such goods are exempt from paying road tolls. We will improve the reserve system for important goods and the system for temporarily purchasing and stockpiling major farm products, seize the opportune moment for the state to manipulate reserves, adjust imports and exports, and strengthen our ability to control the market. Fourth, we will strengthen oversight and supervision of prices and maintain market order. We particularly need to strengthen law enforcement concerning pricing, and strictly investigate and deal with illegal behavior such as driving up prices through price collusion or market speculation. Fifth, we will improve the system of subsidies and institute a sound mechanism to raise social assistance and social security benefits when commodity prices rise. We cannot allow price rises to affect the normal lives oflow-income people.

（二）進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需特別是居民消費(fèi)需求

2. Further expanding domestic demand, especially consumer demand

擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長期戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點(diǎn)，也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內(nèi)在要求。

Expanding domestic demand is a long-tenn strategic principle and basic standpoint of China's economic development as well as a fundamental means and an internal requirement for promoting balanced economic development.

積極擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求。繼續(xù)增加政府用于改善和擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)的支出，增加對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)低收入居民和農(nóng)民的補(bǔ)貼。繼續(xù)實(shí)施家電下鄉(xiāng)和以舊換新政策。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村和中小城市商貿(mào)流通、文化體育、旅游、寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。大力促進(jìn)文化消費(fèi)、旅游消費(fèi)和養(yǎng)老消費(fèi)。推動(dòng)農(nóng)村商業(yè)連鎖經(jīng)營和統(tǒng)一配送，優(yōu)化城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)布局，積極發(fā)展電子商務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物、地理信息等新型服務(wù)業(yè)態(tài)。大力整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)秩序，切實(shí)維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益。深入開展打擊侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和制售假冒偽劣商品的專項(xiàng)治理行動(dòng)。

We will actively boost consumer demand. We will continue to increase government spending used to help expand consumption, and increase subsidies to low-income urban residents and farmers. We will continue to implement the policies of providing subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and subsidies for trading-in old home appliances for new ones. We will strengthen the infrastructure for the distribution of goods, culture and sports, travel, and broadband in rural areas and small and medium-sized cities. We will vigorously promote consumption in the areas of culture, travel and old-age care. We will promote chain-store operations and unified distribution in rural areas, optimize the distribution of urban commercial outlets, and develop new services such as e-commerce, online shopping and the Geographic Information System. We will energetically overhaul and standardize the market, and earnestly protect consumers' rights and interests. We will intensify our efforts to crack down on violations of intellectual property rights and the manufacture and sale of counterfeit or substandard goods.

大力優(yōu)化投資結(jié)構(gòu)。認(rèn)真落實(shí)國務(wù)院關(guān)于鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)民間投資新36條，抓緊制定公開透明的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和支持政策，切實(shí)放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，真正破除各種有形和無形的壁壘，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)民間資本進(jìn)入基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、市政公用事業(yè)、社會(huì)事業(yè)、金融服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域，推動(dòng)民營企業(yè)加強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新和轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)民間資本重組聯(lián)合和參與國有企業(yè)改革，加強(qiáng)對(duì)民間投資的服務(wù)、指導(dǎo)和規(guī)范管理，促進(jìn)社會(huì)投資穩(wěn)定增長和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。充分發(fā)揮政府投資對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的引導(dǎo)作用，優(yōu)先保證重點(diǎn)在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目的資金需求，有序啟動(dòng)“十二五”規(guī)劃重大項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。防止盲目投資和重復(fù)建設(shè)。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行投資項(xiàng)目用地、節(jié)能、環(huán)保、安全等準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高投資質(zhì)量和效益。

We will strive to improve the investment structure. We will earnestly implement the State Council's 36 new guidelines for encouraging and guiding nongovernmental investment; work quickly to formulate open and transparent standards and supporting policies on market access; effectively relax restrictions on market access; genuinely eliminate all visible and invisible barriers; encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in areas such as basic industries, infrastructure, municipal public utilities, social programs, and financial services; prod privately run enterprises to strengthen their innovation, transformation and upgrading; encourage and guide the reorganization and mergers of nongovernmental capital and its involvement in SOE reform; strengthen services and guidance for and standardized supervision of nongovernmental investment; and promote its stable growth and structural optimization. We will get government investment to play the leading? role in restructuring, give priority to ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion, and begin construction on the major projects in the Tweifth Five-Year Plan in an orderly manner. We will prevent haphazard investment and redundant construction. We will strictly enforce investment project approval standards on land use, energy conservation, environmental protection and safety, and improve the quality and benefits of investment.

（三）鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位

3. Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation ofthe economy

堅(jiān)持把“三農(nóng)”工作放在重中之重，在工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化深入發(fā)展中同步推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，鞏固和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村好形勢(shì)。

We will steadfastly make agriculture, rural areas, and farmers the top priority of the government's work; carry out agricultural modernization while deepening industrialization and urbanization; and consolidate and build upon the favorable situation in agriculture and rural areas.

確保農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給，多渠道增加農(nóng)民收入。要把保障糧食安全作為首要目標(biāo)，毫不放松地抓好農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。穩(wěn)定糧食種植面積，支持優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)區(qū)生產(chǎn)棉花、油料、糖料等大宗產(chǎn)品。大力發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)、林業(yè)。切實(shí)抓好新一輪“菜籃子”工程建設(shè)，大中城市郊區(qū)要有基本的菜地面積和生鮮食品供給能力。強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)科技支撐，發(fā)展壯大農(nóng)作物種業(yè)，大規(guī)模開展高產(chǎn)創(chuàng)建。繼續(xù)實(shí)施糧食最低收購價(jià)政策，今年小麥最低收購價(jià)每50公斤提高5到7元，水稻最低收購價(jià)每50公斤提高9到23元。大力發(fā)展農(nóng)村非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，壯大縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高農(nóng)民職業(yè)技能和創(chuàng)業(yè)、創(chuàng)收能力，促進(jìn)農(nóng)民就地就近轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)。提高扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加大扶貧開發(fā)力度。

We will ensure an adequate supply of agricultural products and increase farmers' incomes through multiple channels. We will make safeguarding food security our primary goal, and work tirelessly to increase agricultural production. We will keep the area planted in grain crops stable, and support the growing of cotton, oilseed and sugar crops in the most suitable areas. We will energetically develop the animal husbandry, fishery, and forestry sectors. We will effectively carry out the new round of the "vegetable basket" program and ensure that suburbs of large and medium-sized cities have a basic area for growing vegetables and a basic ability to supply fresh produce for urban residents. We will get science and technology to better support agriculture, develop and expand the crop seed industry, and launch large-scale efforts to increase agricultural prOduction. We will continue to implement the policy of minimum grain purchase prices, raise the floor price for wheat by 5 to 7 yuan per 50 kg and increase the floor price for rice by 9 to 23 yuan per 50 kg this year. We will energetically develop nonagricultural industries in rural areas, strengthen county economies, improve farmers' vocational skills and their ability to start their own businesses and increase their incomes, and encourage them to find nonagricultural employment in their hometowns or nearby areas. We will raise the poverty line, and intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development.

大興水利，全面加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)、中小河流治理、小型水庫和病險(xiǎn)水閘除險(xiǎn)加固以及山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治。完善排灌設(shè)施，發(fā)展節(jié)水灌溉，加固河流堤防，搞好清瘀疏浚，消除水庫隱患，擴(kuò)大防洪庫容。通過幾年努力，全面提高防汛抗旱、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。大力推進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地開發(fā)整理，大規(guī)模建設(shè)旱澇保收高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田，加快全國新增千億斤糧食生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村水電路氣房建設(shè)，大力改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件，努力為農(nóng)民建設(shè)美好家園。

We will put great effort into water conservancy, and comprehensively strengthen agricultural and rural infrastructure. We will focus on developing more irrigation and water conservancy projects, harnessing small and medium-sized rivers, reinforcing small reservoirs and faulty and dangerous sluices, and preventing and responding to geological disasters from mountain torrents. We will improve irrigation and drainage facilities, develop water-saving irrigation, reinforce river embankments, clear away silt and dredge waterways, eliminate hidden dangers in reservoirs, and increase their storage capacity to prevent floods. Through several years of hard work, we will comprehensively improve our ability to prevent floods, control droughts, and prevent and mitigate natural disasters. We will vigorously develop and improve rural land, develop arable land that meets high drought and flood resistance standards on a large scale, and accelerate our work to increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons. We will intensify work on projects to provide running water and electricity to rural homes, build and improve roads, exploit methane and construct rural housing, and energetically improve rural working and living conditions, so that farmers can live in a nice environment.

加大“三農(nóng)”投入，完善強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策。財(cái)政支出重點(diǎn)向農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村傾斜，確保用于農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村的總量、增量均有提高；預(yù)算內(nèi)固定資產(chǎn)投資重點(diǎn)用于農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，確保總量和比重進(jìn)一步提高；土地出讓收益重點(diǎn)投向農(nóng)業(yè)土地開發(fā)、農(nóng)田水利和農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，確保足額提取、定向使用。今年中央財(cái)政用于“三農(nóng)”的投入擬安排9884.5億元，比上年增加1304.8億元。繼續(xù)增加對(duì)農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼，新增補(bǔ)貼重點(diǎn)向主產(chǎn)區(qū)、重點(diǎn)品種、專業(yè)大戶、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作組織傾斜。增加中央財(cái)政對(duì)糧食、油料、生豬調(diào)出大縣的一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付，擴(kuò)大獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)補(bǔ)助規(guī)模和范圍。引導(dǎo)金融機(jī)構(gòu)增加涉農(nóng)信貸投放，確保涉農(nóng)貸款增量占比不低于上年。加大政策性金融對(duì)“三農(nóng)”的支持力度。健全政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度，建立農(nóng)業(yè)再保險(xiǎn)和巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分散機(jī)制。

We will increase funding for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers and improve our policies to strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers. We will direct more government spending toward agriculture and rural areas, and ensure that total expenditures and spending increases in this area are both higher than last year. Our budgetary fixed asset investment will be used mainly to develop agricultural and rural infrastructure, and we will ensure that both the proportion and the total amount of investment further increase. Proceeds from the transfer of land..use rights will be spent primarily on developing agricultural land, irrigation and water conservancy, and constructing rural infrastructure, and we will ensure that an adequate amount of funds is drawn from these proceeds and used for those purposes. This year's allocation for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers from the central government budget will be 988.45 billion yuan, an increase of 130.48 billion yuan over last year. We will continue to increase subsidies to agricultural production, and give high priority in the newly increased subsidies to major production areas, key crop varieties, major specialized households, and specialized farmer cooperatives. We will increase general transfer payments from the central government to the major counties that supply other parts of the country with grain, oilseed and pigs, and expand the size and scope of awards and subsidies. We will encourage financial institutions to increase their supply of credit for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers and ensure that this year's percentage increase in credit is no less than that of last year. We will increase policy-based financial support for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. We will improve the policy-supported agricultural insurance system, and develop an agricultural reinsurance system and a mechanism for diffusing the risk of huge catastrophes.

深化農(nóng)村改革，增強(qiáng)農(nóng)村發(fā)展活力。堅(jiān)持和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度，健全覆蓋耕地、林地、草原等家庭承包經(jīng)營制度。有序推進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地管理制度改革。探索建立耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村綜合改革。全面實(shí)施村級(jí)公益事業(yè)建設(shè)一事一議財(cái)政獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)，大幅增加獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)資金規(guī)模。加快發(fā)展農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作組織和農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系，提高農(nóng)業(yè)組織化程度。年底前，在全國普遍建立健全鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)或區(qū)域性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣、動(dòng)植物疫病防控、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管等公共服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。

We will deepen rural refoml, and increase the vitality of rural development. We will adhere to and improve the basic rural operating system and improve the household contract responsibility system for land use including farmland, forestland and grassland. We will move forward with reform of the rural land management system in an orderly manner. We will explore and establish a compensation mechanism for protecting arable land. We will continue to carry out comprehensive rural reforms. We will fully implement the govermnent award and subsidy system for village-level public works projects, the launching of which is detennined by villagers themselves, and we will significantly increase the size of awards and subsidies. We will accelerate the development of specialized farmer cooperatives and the system whereby various sectors of society provide services for agriculture, and raise the level of organization in agriculture. By the end of this year, we will put in place sound public services for spreading agricultural technology; preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases; and monitoring the quality of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions all over the country.

解決13億中國人的吃飯問題始終是頭等大事，任何時(shí)候都不能掉以輕心。我們有信心也有能力辦好這件大事。

Ensuring adequate food for 1.3 billion Chinese people is always a top priority, and we must never treat this issue lightly. We have the confidence and the ability to handle this important matter well.

（四）加快推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整

4. Accelerating strategic economic restructuring

這是轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的主攻方向。要推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)盡快走上內(nèi)生增長、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)的軌道。

This is the major goal of transforming the pattern of economic development. China's economy needs to be quickly put on the path of endogenous growth driven by ihhovation.

調(diào)整優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。加快構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。

We will adjust and optimize the industrial structure. We will quicken the establishment of a modern industrial system and give impetus to industrial transformation and upgrading.

一是改造提升制造業(yè)。加大企業(yè)技術(shù)改造力度，重點(diǎn)增強(qiáng)新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力和品牌創(chuàng)建能力，提高能源資源綜合利用水平、技術(shù)工藝系統(tǒng)集成水平，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、技術(shù)含量和附加值。推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)企業(yè)跨地區(qū)兼并重組。完善落后產(chǎn)能退出機(jī)制和配套政策。二是加快培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。積極發(fā)展新一代信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，建設(shè)高性能寬帶信息網(wǎng)，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)“三網(wǎng)融合”，促進(jìn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)示范應(yīng)用。要抓緊制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善政策，加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)，發(fā)揮科技型中小企業(yè)作用，促進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展，加快形成生產(chǎn)能力和核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。三是大力發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)，積極發(fā)展生活性服務(wù)業(yè)。大力發(fā)展和提升軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)。著力營造有利于服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，加快完善促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策體系。盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)鼓勵(lì)類服務(wù)業(yè)用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業(yè)基本同價(jià)。四是加強(qiáng)現(xiàn)代能源產(chǎn)業(yè)和綜合運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)。積極推動(dòng)能源生產(chǎn)和利用方式變革，提高能源利用效率。推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)能源清潔利用，加強(qiáng)智能電網(wǎng)建設(shè)，大力發(fā)展清潔能源。統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展、加快構(gòu)建便捷、安全、高效的綜合運(yùn)輸體系。堅(jiān)持陸海統(tǒng)籌，推進(jìn)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

First, we will transform and upgrade manufacturing industries.

We will intensify technological upgrading in enterprises, with the focus on becoming better able to develop new products and build brand names; utilize energy and resources more comprehensively; increase the iIltegratioIl of technological and process systems; and raise the quality, technological content and value-added of products. We will encourage enterprises in key industries to enter into trans-regional acquisitions and reorganizations. We will improve the exit mechanism and accompanying policies for outdated productioll capacity.

Second, we will accelerate the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries.

We will vigorously develop the next-generation IT industry; build a high-performance broadband information network; accelerate the integration of the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet; and promote demonstrations on how to use the Internet of Things. We will energetically give impetus to the development of industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection, new energy, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new materials and new energy vehicles. We need to promptly fornmlate standards, improve policies, enhance innovation capabilities, get small and medium-sized high-tech companies to play their role, and foster the healthy development of strategic emerging industries so they more quickly build their production capacity and core competitiveness.

Third, we will vigorously develop service industries.

We will accelerate the development of producer services and actively develop consumer services. We will make every effort to develop and upgrade the software industry. We will strive to create a market environment that is conducive to the development of service industries, and quickly improve the policy system for stimulating their development. We will make the prices of power, water, gas and heating basically the same for both service industries encouraged by the state and the industrial sector as quickly as possible.

Fourth, we will strengthen the modern energy industry and the comprellensive transport system.

We will actively promote changes in the way energy is produced and used and raise energy efficiency. We will give impetus to the clean use of traditional energy sources, intensify the construction. of smart power grids, and vigorously develop clean energy. We will coordinate the development and accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transport system that is convenient, safe and highly efficient. We will steadfastly make coordinated development plans for land and sea and advance the development of the marine economy.

促進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。全面落實(shí)各項(xiàng)區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃。堅(jiān)持把實(shí)施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略放在區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略的優(yōu)先位置，認(rèn)真落實(shí)西部大開發(fā)新十年的政策措施和促進(jìn)西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)舉措。全面振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)資源型城市轉(zhuǎn)型。大力促進(jìn)中部地區(qū)崛起，進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮承東啟西的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)。積極支持東部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展，在體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變上走在全國前列。

We will promote balanced development between regions. We will fully implement all regional development plans. In implementing tile master strategy of regional development, we will steadfastly give high priority to the strategy of large-scale development of the western region, and earnestly implement the policies and measures for the new ten-year period of the large-scale development of the western region and all the measures to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang. We will fully revitalize old industrial bases such as northeast China and continue to transform resource-dependent cities. We will vigorously foster the rise of the central region and make greater use of its geographical advantage of linking the eastern and western regions. We will actively support the eastern region in taking the lead in development, and leading the country in making innovations in systems and mechanisms and transforming the pattern of development.

更好發(fā)揮深圳等經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)、上海浦東新區(qū)、天津?yàn)I海新區(qū)在改革開放中先行先試的作用。加大力度支持革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)發(fā)展，頒布實(shí)施2011-2020年中國農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要，啟動(dòng)集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧開發(fā)攻堅(jiān)工程，加快貧困地區(qū)脫貧致富步伐。

We will get Shenzhen and other special economic zones, Pudong New Area in Shanghai and Binhai New Area in Tianjin to better playa leading and exploratory role in reform and opening up. We will give greater support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas and border areas, promulgate and implement the 2011..2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program, launch the project to alleviate poverty through development in contiguous areas with particular difficulties, and lift impoverished areas out of poverty more quickly.

積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化。堅(jiān)持走中國特色城鎮(zhèn)化道路，遵循城市發(fā)展規(guī)律，促進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化健康發(fā)展。堅(jiān)持科學(xué)規(guī)劃，嚴(yán)格管理。加強(qiáng)城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)，增強(qiáng)城鎮(zhèn)綜合承載能力，提高管理和服務(wù)水平。因地制宜，分步推進(jìn)，把有穩(wěn)定勞動(dòng)關(guān)系并在城鎮(zhèn)居住一定年限的農(nóng)民工，逐步轉(zhuǎn)為城鎮(zhèn)居民。對(duì)暫不具備落戶條件的農(nóng)民工，要解決好他們?cè)趧趧?dòng)報(bào)酬、子女就學(xué)、公共衛(wèi)生、住房租賃、社會(huì)保障等方面的實(shí)際問題。要充分尊重農(nóng)民在進(jìn)城和留鄉(xiāng)問題上的自主選擇權(quán)，切實(shí)保護(hù)農(nóng)民承包地、宅基地等合法權(quán)益。城鎮(zhèn)化要同農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)相互促進(jìn)，這是必須堅(jiān)持的正確方向。

We will actively yet prudently move forward with urbanization. We will adhere to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, abide by the principles of urban development and foster the sound development of urbanization. We will adhere to scientific planning and strict management. We will strengthen urban infrastructure and public service facilities, increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns, and raise the level of urban management and services. We will gradually make sure that rural migrant workers who have stable jobs and have lived in cities or towns for a number of years are registered as urban residents in .line with local conditions and in a step-by-step manner. We need to help rural migrant workers who do not currently qualify as urban residents to resolve practical difficulties such as remtmeration, schooling for their children, public health, renting homes, and social security. We need to fully respect the right of farmers to independently choose whether to seek jobs in cities or stay in their home villages, and genuinely protect their legitimate rights and interests concerning land they contract to work and the land on which their homes sit. We must steadfastly adhere to the correct orientation of ensuring that urbanization together with agricultural modernization and the building of a new countryside are mutually reinforcing.

加強(qiáng)節(jié)能環(huán)保和生態(tài)建設(shè)，積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。突出抓好工業(yè)、建筑、交通運(yùn)輸、公共機(jī)構(gòu)等領(lǐng)域節(jié)能。繼續(xù)實(shí)施重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程。大力開展工業(yè)節(jié)能，推廣節(jié)能技術(shù)，運(yùn)用節(jié)能設(shè)備，提高能源利用效率。加大既有建筑節(jié)能改造投入，積極推進(jìn)新建建筑節(jié)能。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。推進(jìn)低碳城市試點(diǎn)。加強(qiáng)適應(yīng)氣候變化特別是應(yīng)對(duì)極端氣候事件能力建設(shè)。建立完善溫室氣體排放和節(jié)能減排統(tǒng)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)制度。加快城鎮(zhèn)污水管網(wǎng)、垃圾處理設(shè)施的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)，推廣污水處理回用。啟動(dòng)燃煤電廠脫硝工作，深化顆粒物污染防治。加強(qiáng)海洋污染治理。加快重點(diǎn)流域水污染治理、大氣污染治理、重點(diǎn)地區(qū)重金屬污染治理和農(nóng)村環(huán)境綜合整治，控制農(nóng)村面源污染。繼續(xù)實(shí)施重大生態(tài)修復(fù)工程，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)保護(hù)和管理，實(shí)施天然林資源保護(hù)二期工程，落實(shí)草原生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)助獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策，鞏固退耕還林還草、退牧還草等成果，大力開展植樹造林，加強(qiáng)濕地保護(hù)與恢復(fù)，推進(jìn)荒漠化、石漠化綜合治理。完善防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急預(yù)案，加快山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)區(qū)調(diào)查評(píng)價(jià)、監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警、防治應(yīng)急等體制建設(shè)。

We will strengthen energy conservation, environmental protection and ecological development, and actively respond to climate change. We will focus on conserving energy in areas such as the industrial sector, construction, transportation and public institutions. We will continue to implement key energy conservation projects. We will vigorously conserve energy in the industrial sector, popularize energy-conserving technology and equipment, and improve energy efficiency. We will invest more in improving energy conservation in existing buildings and actively promote energy conservation in new buildings. We will vigorously develop the circular economy. We will move forward with the pilot project to build low-carbon cities. We will strengthen our capacity to adapt to climate change and respond to extreme climate events in particular. We will put in place well-equipped statistical and monitoring systems for greenhouse gas emissions, energy conservation and emissions reduction. We will accelerate the planning and building of sewer networks and garbage disposal facilities in urban areas and expand the use of recycled water. We will start the work of denitration in coal-fired power plants and strengthen prevention and control of particles pollution; step up the treatment of marine pollution; accelerate the treatment of water pollution in key river basins, the treatment of air pollution, the treatment of heavy metal pollution in key areas and the comprehensive improvement of the rural environment; and control pollution from non-point rural sources. We will continue to carry out major ecological restoration projects, intensify the protection and management of major functional ecological zones, implement the second phase of the project to protect natural forest resources, implement the subsidy and reward policy for grassland ecological conservation, consolidate achievements already made in turning reclaimed farmland into forests and grasslands as well as grazing land to grasslands, vigorously carry out afforestation, strengthen wetland protection and recovery, and make progress in comprehensively dealing with desertification and stony deserts. We will improve contingency plans for preventing and mitigating natural disasters, and accelerate the development of surveying and evaluation, monitoring and early warning, prevention and control, and emergency response systems in areas prone to geological disasters from mountain torrents.

（五）大力實(shí)施科教興國戰(zhàn)略和人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略

5. Vigorously implementing the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country through human resource development

科技、教育和人才是國家發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)和根本，必須始終放在重要的戰(zhàn)略位置。

Science and technology, education and human resources are the foundation of national development, and they must therefore always be given an important strategic position.

堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育。推動(dòng)教育事業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展，為人們提供更加多樣、更加公平、更高質(zhì)量的教育。2012年財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達(dá)到4%。加快發(fā)展學(xué)前教育。公辦民辦并舉，增加學(xué)前教育資源，抓緊解決“入園難”問題。促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)，公共資源配置重點(diǎn)向農(nóng)村和城市薄弱學(xué)校傾斜。以流入地政府和公辦學(xué)校為主，切實(shí)保障農(nóng)民工隨遷子女平等接受義務(wù)教育。支持民族地區(qū)教育發(fā)展，做好“雙語”教學(xué)工作。全面推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育。加快教育改革，切實(shí)減輕中小學(xué)生過重課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)，注重引導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)孩子們獨(dú)立思考、實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新能力。保證中小學(xué)生每天一小時(shí)校園體育活動(dòng)。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育。引導(dǎo)高中階段學(xué)校和高等學(xué)校辦出特色，提高教育質(zhì)量，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)能力。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)學(xué)科建設(shè)，加快建設(shè)一批世界一流大學(xué)。支持特殊教育發(fā)展。落實(shí)和完善國家助學(xué)制度，無論哪個(gè)教育階段，都要確保每個(gè)孩子不因家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難而失學(xué)。

We will continue to give high priority to education. We will promote the scientific development of education programs, and provide people with more diverse, more equitable and higher-quality education. In 2012, government spending on education will reach 4% of GDP. We will speed up the development of preschool education. We will encourage both governmental and nongovernmental bodies to provide preschool educational services in order to increase resources and promptly solve problems concerning access to preschool education. We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education. We will strengthen standardization in compulsory education schools, and ensure that the allocation of public resources gives priority to rural schools and weak urban schools. Relying mainly on local governments and public schools, we will guarantee equal access to compulsory education for the children of rural migrant workers who live in cities. We will support the development of education and promote bilingual instruction in ethnic minority areas. We will comprehensively promote well-rounded education. We will accelerate education reforms; genuinely lighten the school workload of primary and secondary school students; and give high priority to guiding students and fostering their ability to think independently, solve practical problems and be innovative. We will ensure that primary and middle school students do one hour of physical exercise in school every day. We will vigorously develop vocational education. We will guide senior secondary schools and universities to emphasize their unique features, raise the quality of their teaching, and help their students to become better able to find employment or start their own businesses. We will strengthen the development of key disciplines and accelerate the development of a number of world-class universities. We will support the development of special education. We will implement and improve the government financial aid system for students and ensure no children are obliged to discontinue schooling at any stage of education due to their. family's financial difficulties.

全面加強(qiáng)人才工作。以高層次和高技能人才為重點(diǎn)，加快培養(yǎng)造就一大批創(chuàng)新型科技人才和急需緊缺人才。加大人才開發(fā)投入，推進(jìn)重大人才工程。深化選人用人制度改革，努力營造平等公開、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)擇優(yōu)的制度和社會(huì)環(huán)境，激勵(lì)優(yōu)秀人才脫穎而出，創(chuàng)造人盡其才的良好局面。

We will comprehensively strengthen human resource development. With the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel, we will more quickly foster a large number of innovative scientists and engineers and skilled workers who are urgently needed and in short supply. We will invest more in human resource development and carry out major projects to foster talented personnel. We will deepen the reform of the systems for selecting and employing personnel; strive to create an. equitable, open and competitive system as well as social environment in which people are selected on their merits; encourage outstanding people to emerge; and create an environment that encourages talented people to tap their full potential.

大力推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新。加快實(shí)施國家科技重大專項(xiàng)，突破一批核心關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，提升重大集成創(chuàng)新能力。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究、前沿技術(shù)研究，增強(qiáng)原始創(chuàng)新能力。推動(dòng)建立企業(yè)主導(dǎo)技術(shù)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的體制機(jī)制。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)共同出資開展關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)研發(fā)，共擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、共享成果，對(duì)符合國家戰(zhàn)略方向的項(xiàng)目，政府要從政策和資金上給予支持。深化科技管理體制改革，促進(jìn)科技資源優(yōu)化配置、高效利用和開放共享。激勵(lì)科研院所、高等學(xué)校和廣大科技人員以多種形式與企業(yè)合作。保持財(cái)政科技投入穩(wěn)定增長，提高科研經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率。堅(jiān)定不移地實(shí)施國家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略，提升知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的創(chuàng)造、應(yīng)用、保護(hù)、管理能力，激發(fā)全社會(huì)創(chuàng)新活力。

We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation. We will speed up the implementation of major national science and technology projects, make breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and enhance our capabilities to carry out major integrated innovation projects. We will strengthen basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies and increase our capacity for original innovation. We will give impetus to the establishment of systems and mechanisms for enterprises to take the lead in R&D and innovation. We will encourage enterprises to undertake jointly funded R&D on key generic technologies and share both risks and rewards. The government needs to provide policy and financial support to projects in areas of national strategic interests. We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, and promote the optimal allocation, efficient use and public sharing of scientific and technological resources. We will provide incentives to research institutes, universities, scientists and engineers to encourage them to cooperate with enterprises in various ways. We will steadily increase government spending on science and technology, and improve the performance of research expenditures. We will unswervingly implement the national strategy on intellectual property rights; improve our ability to create, apply, protect and manage them; and arouse an innovative spirit throughout society.