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張明權

本期點評專家：張明權

譯題一：King’s Speech: Guru Michael Sheehan on Helping Presidents, CEOs, More

Lionel Logue, the wily Australian speech coach played by Geoffrey Rush in the Oscar favorite King's Speech, and Michael Sheehan, Washington's hyper-connected media tutor/trainer, have a great deal in common. The former taught royalty how to communicate and overcome a crippling stammer; the latter instructs presidents, vice presidents, and other VIPs from Washington to Hong Kong on how to overcome their inhibitions and get out their message. Sheehan knows firsthand exactly how tough that can be-he is a stutterer himself.

參考譯文:

《國王的演講》：邁克爾?希恩上演現實版的語言導師

好萊塢熱門大片《國王的演講》中，杰弗里?拉什演繹的那位狡猾的澳大利亞語言治療師萊昂內爾?洛格，與美國超級互聯媒體教練/培訓師邁克爾?希恩有諸多相似之處。洛格教國王如何交際、克服嚴重的口吃缺陷；希恩指導美國總統、副總統、以及從華盛頓到香港各地的社會精英如何克服羞怯感、正確表達自己的思想。希恩擁有第一手經驗，完全了解個中的艱難，因為他本人就是一個口吃的人。

在翻譯過程中，詞義理解是至關重要的一環，然而準確把握詞義卻不是容易的事情，因為詞匯的意義本身十分復雜。在譯題一中，guru本指印度教或佛教的精神導師，但通過詞義擴展，已經獲得了“領袖、大師”的含義。網友的翻譯包括：精神導師、（語言）大師、專家、教師，涵蓋了這個詞的兩個原型含義：教師和領袖，然而就邁克爾?希恩而言，稱其為“語言導師”可能更符合他的身份。

Wily的翻譯涉及英語形容詞的褒貶含義問題。在英語中，不少詞語兼有褒貶兩種含義，那么wily能否貶詞褒用呢？在英漢詞典中，我們往往只能查到它的貶義“狡詐的、狡猾的、詭計多端的”，然而在它的英文釋義(of a person) clever, having a very good understanding of situations, possibilities and people, and often willing to use tricks to achieve an aim中，這個詞首先被等同于clever，因此它就具有了中性化（甚至褒義化）的可能性，并非一定要表示貶義。在翻譯時有兩種處理方法，一種是譯成褒義詞“足智多謀”，另一種是依然譯成貶義詞“狡猾的”，利用漢語貶詞褒用的修辭手段，讓讀者根據語境獲得它的準確含義。

Hyper-connected是一個新詞，是指網絡時代人們通過社交網絡即時互聯的狀態，在文中不是說Michael Sheehan交際頗廣，因為hyper-connected修飾的是media，而不是tutor/trainer。很多網友的翻譯沒有理解到這一點，翻譯成“交際甚廣”或“社交廣泛”都是錯誤的。有理解其含義的網友翻譯成“超媒體”或“超級連接媒體”，網上也有翻譯成“極端鏈接”或“高速相關”的，涉及新詞翻譯的諸多問題，等將來有時間專文論述。

It(Chinese language) has no formal conjugation of verbs or inflections in gender and number. When you describe any event, all you need to do is to provide the necessary adverbs indicating the time at which the event occurs, such as "just now", "yesterday" and "tomorrow'. These grammatical phenomena made the beginner excited at first, thinking that he was lucky enough not to have to bother about such irregularities of verbs as in French. But it is not until he has gone far enough into it that he realizes that just because the Chinese language has too few rules, the beginner often finds himself at a loss what to do." Chinese Puzzle" in English is a synonym of a difficult problem, and "Chinese Box" refers to a problem that is too complex to solve. When a westerner does not understand what you are talking about, he would say, "You are speaking Chinese".

參考譯文：

搞不懂的中國語言

漢語沒有動詞的形式變格，沒有性和數的曲折變化。要描寫任何事情，只要用副詞表明事情發生的時間即可，比如“剛才”、“昨天”和“明天”等。這些語法現象令初學者激動，認為自己很幸運，不用為像法語一樣的不規則動詞煩心。然而深入學習以后才發現，正因為中國語言沒有多少語法規則，初學者經常為此而困惑。在英語中，Chinese Puzzle（中國益智游戲）等同于“難題”，而Chinese Box（中國匣）則比喻“復雜難解的問題”。于是西方人不理解一個人的講話，會對其說：“你在講中文呀?！?/em>